# Carbon dioxide: Trading

Long contracts and a secret UK rescue price

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/trading/

What this tab covers How it is bought and sold: buyers and sellers, price benchmarks and who publishes them, exchanges, contract types, traders, how Indian buyers price it, recent price points, and good sources to follow.

#### Who buys, and where

- Bottlers, breweries, meat and poultry processors
- Water utilities and greenhouses
- Oil producers for EOR (US)

#### Who sells, and from where

- Industrial gas companies that own CO2 recovery plants at ammonia and ethanol sites
- Ammonia producers selling raw CO2 to gas companies
- Pipeline operators from natural CO2 domes (US)

#### Price benchmarks

| Benchmark | Publisher | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| **No public spot benchmark; ChemAnalyst and IMARC publish indicative CO2 price trends** | ChemAnalyst, IMARC | monthly, indicative |

#### Exchanges

| Venue | Contract | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| **EU ETS (ICE Endex)** | EU Allowances, 1,000 t CO2 | prices emissions, not the gas; sets the value of avoided CO2 in Europe |

#### Contract types

- Multi-year supply contracts with bottlers
- Raw CO2 offtake from ammonia plants to gas companies
- EOR supply contracts linked to oil price (US)

#### Traders and distributors

- None of note; gas companies own the chain

#### How Indian buyers price it

- Supplier contract prices; urea plants use CO2 captively

#### Recent price points

| Date | Price | Basis | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 2021 | **not disclosed** | UK CO2 users' price deal with CF Industries | The Chemical Engineer (12 Oct 2021) |

#### Good sources to follow
[gasworld](https://www.gasworld.com/)freemium newsletter · industrial gases trade publisher

merchant CO2 supply, shortages and plants
[The Chemical Engineer](https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/)free newsletter · IChemE

process industry news including CO2 supply
[IEA CCUS reports](https://www.iea.org/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage)free research site · International Energy Agency

carbon capture, use and storage data

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/correlation/index.md)
- [Production route](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/routes/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/production/index.md)
- [Feedstocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/feedstocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/cycles/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/movement/index.md)
- [Regulation](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/regulation/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/carbon_dioxide/links/index.md)