# Epoxy resins: Feedstocks

Three-quarters BPA and ECH, so integration wins

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/feedstocks/

What this tab covers What it is made from and what it feeds: the raw materials and energy per tonne with their share of cost (linked to the commodity table), who is low-cost and why, and the chemicals made from it.

Epoxy is about three-quarters BPA and ECH by mass, so its cost is set by phenol, acetone and chlorine. Integration decides competitiveness: Chinese and Taiwanese makers with their own phenol, BPA and ECH, and Grasim with its own chlorine and caustic, have the lowest costs. Non-integrated resin makers are price takers.

#### Inputs per tonne

| Input | Quantity per tonne | Role | Share of cost | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [Oil Crude oil](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/crude_oil/) | about 0.67 t per t LER (stoichiometric) | aromatic backbone | about 50% of cash cost (indicative) | BPA tile; stoichiometry |
| [NaCl Salt](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/salt/) | about 0.54 t per t LER (stoichiometric) | glycidyl (epoxide) groups | about 30-35% (indicative) | chlorine tile; stoichiometry |
| [NaCl Salt](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/salt/) | about 0.24 t NaOH per t (stoichiometric) | dehydrochlorination | about 5% (indicative) | caustic soda tile; stoichiometry |
| [PO Palm oil](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/palm_oil/) | about 0.6 t per t LER via GTE ECH (indicative) | bio-based ECH feed | varies | glycerine tile; indicative |
| **Amine and anhydride hardeners** | about 0.15-0.5 t per t resin at the formulator (indicative) | curing | outside resin cost | indicative |

#### Who is low-cost, and why

Integrated Chinese producers set the floor: China LER sold at about $1,940/t in late 2025 against about $2,080/t US export and about $4,940/t Europe export (Intratec). Thai, Korean and Taiwanese plants sit in the middle. Europe is the high-cost region, which is why the EU imposed duties.

#### Raw materials on the commodity table
[Oil Crude oil](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/crude_oil/)[NaCl Salt](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/salt/)

#### What it is made into

| Product | Note |
|---|---|
| [Pnt Paints and coatings](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/paints_coatings/) | over 40% of epoxy |
| [Adh Adhesives and sealants](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/adhesives/) | structural adhesives |
| [Con Construction chemicals](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/construction_chemicals/) | floors, anchors, grouts |

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/correlation/index.md)
- [Production route](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/routes/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/production/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/movement/index.md)
- [Regulation](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/regulation/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/links/index.md)