# Food and feed additives: Regulation

Why every additive needs approval for every single use

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/regulation/

What this tab covers How it is regulated and what could disrupt supply: hazard classification, rules in the EU, US and India, anti-dumping duties and other trade measures, and supply-risk notes.

#### Hazards

| Classification | UN number | Key risks |
|---|---|---|
| mostly unclassified at use levels; some (sodium nitrite, benzoic acid dust) toxic or irritant in bulk | UN1500 for sodium nitrite; most none | Contamination and adulteration incidents; dust explosions; allergen cross-contact. |

#### Main rules

| Where | Rule | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| **Global** | Codex Alimentarius General Standard for Food Additives; JECFA safety evaluations | Sets the INS numbering and acceptable daily intakes used by many countries. |
| **EU** | Regulation 1333/2008 on food additives (E-numbers); Regulation 1831/2003 on feed additives; E171 titanium dioxide banned in food from 2022; antibiotic growth promoters banned since 2006 | Pre-approval needed for every additive and use; drives demand for alternatives such as probiotics and enzymes. |
| **US** | FDA food additive and GRAS rules; AAFCO feed ingredient definitions | Faster entry via GRAS, now under review (indicative). |

#### India

| Rule | Effect |
|---|---|
| **FSSAI Food Safety and Standards (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011** | Lists permitted additives and maximum levels by food category. |
| **Ban on colistin for growth promotion in animal feed (2019); BIS standards for compound feed (indicative)** | Shifts demand to probiotics, acidifiers and enzymes. |

#### Trade measures

- No current anti-dumping duty on these additives found in sources reached

#### Supply risk

China dominates lysine, threonine, several vitamins and many preservatives and sweeteners, so plant shutdowns there move world prices. Crop failures and biofuel policy move starch and emulsifier costs.

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/correlation/index.md)
- [Production route](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/routes/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/production/index.md)
- [Feedstocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/feedstocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/movement/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/food_additives/links/index.md)