# Hydrofluoric acid: Relationships

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/links/

Every element and industry that Hydrofluoric acid is linked to, and how. Each pair has its own card explaining the relationships between the two.

- [Sulphuric acid](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/hydrofluoric-acid-and-sulphuric-acid/): Hydrogen fluoride is made by heating acid-grade fluorspar with sulphuric acid, about 2.45 t of acid per tonne of HF in theory, leaving about 3.6 t of anhydrite. Fluorspar, 60% of it mined in China in 2025, is the scarce and dearer input; sulphuric acid is the bulk reagent, whose cost rose with the 2025 to 2026 sulphur spike. *(researched)*
- [Semiconductors](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/hydrofluoric-acid-and-semiconductors/): Ultra-high-purity hydrofluoric acid is used to clean wafers and etch oxide layers in every fab, and its supply runs from mostly Chinese fluorspar through a few mainly Japanese purifiers; Japan's 2019 curbs on Korea showed how a cheap chemical can become a lever over chipmaking. *(researched)*
- [Aluminium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aluminium-and-hydrofluoric-acid/): Their prices have moved together.
- [Electronic specialty gases](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/electronic-specialty-gases-and-hydrofluoric-acid/): Their prices have moved together.
- [Fluorochemicals and refrigerants](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/fluorochemicals-and-refrigerants-and-hydrofluoric-acid/): Their prices have moved together.
- [Fluorspar](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/fluorspar-and-hydrofluoric-acid/): Fluorspar is a raw material for hydrofluoric acid.
- [Heat pumps, air conditioning and refrigeration](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/heat-pumps-air-conditioning-and-refrigeration-and-hydrofluoric-acid/): Their prices have moved together.
- [Nuclear fission reactors](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/hydrofluoric-acid-and-nuclear-fission-reactors/): Their prices have moved together.
- [Sulfur](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/hydrofluoric-acid-and-sulfur/): Sulfur is a raw material for hydrofluoric acid.
- [Uranium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/hydrofluoric-acid-and-uranium/): Their prices have moved together.

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/correlation/index.md)
- [Production route](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/routes/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/production/index.md)
- [Feedstocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/feedstocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/movement/index.md)
- [Regulation](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/regulation/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrofluoric_acid/emissions/index.md)