# Hydrogen: Regulation

Invisible flames and China's grip on electrolysers

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/regulation/

Invisible flames and China's grip on electrolysers What this tab covers How it is regulated and what could disrupt supply: hazard classification, rules in the EU, US and India, anti-dumping duties and other trade measures, and supply-risk notes.

#### Hazards

| Classification | UN number | Key risks |
|---|---|---|
| Flammable gas cat 1A; gas under pressure | UN1049 | Invisible flame, leaks easily, wide flammability range; ignition energy very low. |

#### Main rules

| Where | Rule | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| **EU** | RED III RFNBO targets (42% of industrial hydrogen renewable by 2030); Delegated Acts on additionality; CBAM covers hydrogen from 2026 | creates demand for green hydrogen and taxes embedded carbon in imports |
| **US** | 45V clean hydrogen production credit, tiered by lifecycle intensity, up to $3/kg (indicative) | main driver of US green and blue projects |
| **Japan** | Hydrogen Society Promotion Act (2024) with 15-year price-gap support (indicative) | supports imports of ammonia and hydrogen |

#### India

| Rule | Effect |
|---|---|
| **National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023): 5 Mt a year target by 2030; SIGHT incentives** | subsidised tenders for green hydrogen and ammonia |
| **Green Hydrogen Standard for India (MNRE, 2023): at most 2 kg CO2e per kg H2, well-to-gate (indicative)** | defines what counts as green for incentives |
| **Gas Cylinders Rules 2016 and SMPV(U) Rules 2016 under PESO** | licensing of storage and transport |

#### Trade measures

- EU CBAM from 1 Jan 2026 covers hydrogen (CN 2804 10)
- Barriers to Chinese electrolysers outside China remain (IEA 2025)

#### Supply risk

Feedstock risk, not geological: grey hydrogen follows gas prices. Electrolyser supply is concentrated in China (nearly 60% of manufacturing capacity). Hydrogen itself is not on the EU, US or India critical minerals lists; the platinum group metals and iridium used in PEM electrolysers are.

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/correlation/index.md)
- [Production route](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/routes/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/production/index.md)
- [Feedstocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/feedstocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/movement/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hydrogen/links/index.md)