# Ultra-pure wet chemicals: Movement

Why each chemical rides in its own dedicated tank

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/movement/

What this tab covers How it moves between countries: share of output traded, physical form and transport, the largest exporters and importers, main routes, India's trade, and handling rules in transit.

#### Trade in 2024 UN Comtrade, HS 280700
 World exports $1.28 bn 80 reporting exporters · about 15.8 m t Largest exporter Canada 17.5% of world exports Largest importer Chile 18.1% of world imports India imports $145.8 m
exports $36.2 m #4 importer · #12 exporter

#### Where it is exported from and imported to, 2024

Chart: World map of the largest trade flows
 Exporter (size = share of world exports) Importer (share of world imports) Shipping chokepoint UN Comtrade 2024, HS 280700: shares of reported world exports and imports by value. Country-to-country route lines are not available for this commodity yet. Hover a circle for values.

#### HS 280700: largest exporters

| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Canada** | 17.5% | $222.8 m | 1.75 m |
| **Peru** | 9.2% | $117.5 m | 1.15 m |
| **Germany** | 8.7% | $110.6 m | 1.08 m |
| **China** | 7.2% | $91.7 m | 2.68 m |
| **Bulgaria** | 5.5% | $70.8 m | 1.13 m |
| **Japan** | 4.8% | $61.7 m | 3.44 m |
| **Belgium** | 4.7% | $59.7 m | 583k |
| **Zambia** | 4.6% | $58.2 m | 479k |

#### HS 280700: largest importers

| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Chile** | 18.1% | $492.2 m | 3.61 m |
| **Morocco** | 17.4% | $471.6 m | 4.06 m |
| **United States** | 15.7% | $425.7 m | 3.48 m |
| **India** | 5.4% | $145.8 m | 1.79 m |
| **DR Congo** | 3.3% | $88.5 m | 531k |
| **Kazakhstan** | 3.2% | $85.6 m | 592k |
| **Türkiye** | 3% | $82.5 m | 882k |
| **Brazil** | 2.9% | $78.4 m | 556k |

#### HS 281111: largest exporters

| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| **China** | 55.7% | $386.8 m | 256k |
| **Germany** | 13.3% | $92.2 m | 31k |
| **Mexico** | 10% | $69.3 m | 26k |
| **Japan** | 6.9% | $47.9 m | 23k |
| **United States** | 6.8% | $47.2 m | 28k |
| **South Korea** | 1.8% | $12.7 m | – |
| **Singapore** | 1.4% | $9.64 m | 3,311 |
| **France** | 0.9% | $6.49 m | 4,718 |

#### HS 281111: largest importers

| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| **South Korea** | 22.9% | $188.8 m | – |
| **United States** | 21.1% | $174.1 m | 69k |
| **Japan** | 15.6% | $128.5 m | 68k |
| **France** | 8.6% | $71.2 m | 26k |
| **China** | 3.9% | $32.5 m | 12k |
| **Canada** | 3.6% | $29.7 m | 7,681 |
| **Germany** | 2.5% | $20.5 m | 6,735 |
| **Netherlands** | 2.1% | $17.7 m | 6,631 |

 UN Comtrade 2024, reported by each country (exports by exporters, imports by importers), all partners. Some countries (for example Russia and Iran) do not report, so their shares are missing. HS codes can be broader than the tile: check the code before reading a share as the whole market.

#### How it moves

| Measure | Figure |  |  |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Share traded** | moderate: high-purity grades are often made regionally but shipped across Asia, from Japan and Korea to Taiwan, China and Singapore (indicative) |  |  |
| **How it moves** | Fluoropolymer-lined drums, totes and ISO tanks dedicated to each product; returned and cleaned between fills; short supply lines preferred to limit contamination |  |  |
| **Routes and chokepoints** | Japan and Korea to Taiwan, China and Southeast Asia; US and European suppliers to local fabs. HS 280700 (sulphuric acid) and 281111 (HF) cover electronic grades with commodity grades. |  |  |
| **India** | India's electronic-grade imports are not separately identified under HS 280700 and 281111; figures. HS 280700: India imported $146 million (5.4% of world imports, rank 4) and exported $36 million (2.8% of world exports, rank 12); HS 281111: India imported $8 million (1.0% of world imports, rank 16) and exported $2 million (0.3% of world exports, rank 12) (UN Comtrade 2024). |  |  |
| **Handling in transit** | Sulphuric acid UN1830, class 8; HF solution UN1790, class 8 (6.1); H2O2 above 40% UN2014, class 5.1 (8); ammonia solution UN2672, class 8; IPA UN1219, class 3. |  |  |

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/correlation/index.md)
- [Production route](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/routes/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/production/index.md)
- [Feedstocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/feedstocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/trading/index.md)
- [Regulation](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/regulation/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/wet_chemicals/links/index.md)