# Bananas: Overview

Dessert fruit, staple plantain and baby food

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/overview/

What this tab covers What the commodity is used for, why, in what volumes and with what alternatives, and its chain from mine or field to end user. Also the latest price moves, top recent news, three things to know, and buttons into each tab.

#### Key uses

| Use | Share | Annual volume | Why this commodity | Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| **Fresh dessert bananas eaten in producing countries** | 84% | about 118 Mtbasis | Most bananas never leave the country where they grow. In India, China, Indonesia, Brazil and Nigeria they are a cheap, year-round fruit and snack sold loose in markets. They need no cooking, come in their own wrapper and give energy at low cost, which keeps demand high across income levels. FAOSTAT 2024; FAO Banana Market Review 2025 (via FreshPlaza, Sep 2026) | Other local fruit (mango, papaya, guava) Plantains and cooking bananas |
| **Export dessert bananas (mainly Cavendish)** | 16% | 21.7 Mt exported in 2025basis | Cavendish ships well green, ripens evenly in ethylene rooms at destination and yields heavily on plantations, so it dominates world trade. More than 90% of exports come from Central and South America and the Philippines. Buyers are the EU, US, China, Russia and Japan. FAO bananas commodity page and Banana Market Review 2025 | Apples and other fruit Local banana varieties in importing countries |
| **Cavendish variety across all markets** | 36% | about 50 Mt a yearbasis | Cavendish replaced the Gros Michel variety after Panama disease wiped it out in the mid-20th century, and it now grows in both export plantations and Indian and Chinese farms. Its genetic uniformity leaves the trade exposed to Fusarium TR4, now confirmed in 21 countries. FAO bananas commodity page (2026) | Local varieties such as Nendran, Robusta and Red banana in India Disease-resistant hybrids under development |
| **Processed products: chips, puree, flour and baby food** | n/a | n/a basis | Ripe off-grade fruit goes into puree for baby food and smoothies; green bananas are fried into chips (a Kerala speciality from Nendran) or dried into flour. Processing adds value to fruit that fails export standards. Qualitative; no quantified source found | Other fruit purees Potato chips and cereal flours |
| **Plantains and cooking bananas (separate crop)** | n/a | 44.6 Mt in 2024basis | Starchy plantains are boiled, fried or pounded as a staple in Central and West Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America. They play the role of potatoes or cassava in the diet rather than fruit. FAOSTAT 2024 | Cassava Yams Rice and maize |

 Shares are indicative: FAO's 2025 export figure (21.7 Mt) is set against FAOSTAT's 2024 production (139.4 Mt), and the Cavendish share overlaps the other two rows. The first two rows add to 100%. Plantains are a separate FAOSTAT item and are not included in the 139.4 Mt.

#### From field to user

1. **Planting** Growers plant suckers or tissue-culture plantlets; the world harvested 5.88 Mha of bananas in 2024, 0.95 Mha in India (FAOSTAT).
2. **Growing** Plants fruit within about a year and then regrow from suckers; yields run from under 4 t/ha in the DR Congo to 57 t/ha in Costa Rica and 61 t/ha in Indonesia (FAOSTAT 2024).
3. **Harvest and packing** Bunches are cut green, carried to packing stations, washed, split into hands and boxed.
4. **Refrigerated shipping** Boxes travel green in refrigerated containers or reefer ships; world exports were 21.7 Mt in 2025, 6.5 Mt from Ecuador (FAO via FreshPlaza).
5. **Ripening** Importers ripen fruit in ethylene rooms near markets before delivery to retailers.
6. **Retail** Supermarkets sell bananas as a low-price traffic driver; the US imported 22.1% of world banana value in 2024 (UN Comtrade).
7. **Domestic markets in producing countries** In India, bananas move from farms to mandis and street vendors; only about 2% of India's 37.6 Mt crop was exported in 2024 (FAOSTAT; UN Comtrade).

#### Price movement snapshot 2026-10-25
 Banana, US (World Bank monthly) 1.12 $/kg Month 2026-09 1 week **no daily price** 6 months **-7.4%** World production 139.4 m tonnes, 2024 Largest producer India 26.98% of world

#### Three things to know

- India grew 27% of the world's bananas in 2024, more than three times second-placed China (FAOSTAT).
- World banana output nearly tripled between 1990 and 2024, to about 139 million tonnes (FAOSTAT).
- The real US banana price fell from $1.40/kg in 2023 to $0.94 in 2025, in 2010 dollars (World Bank).

#### Top recent news snapshot 2026-10-25, last 30 days

- [Banana prices fall to ₹3 per kg in India's Jalgaon district](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMirgFBVV95cUxNMUFNM1RUeEJUUnhrTy00ZXVGUkI1VlEwdTlhR2Nsd3NmMDVMRFAxVlhNY0NzckRacFE5Z1ZmT1NhV2RyMU5EQWJxUzhteTlMbllwc0xCSXlubGU0VzQ0Y0Z4RmgwRnpIc3pobll6eGZ6QWV3aENJQldQU2tPRHV1bGtWa3N2eXBsNVlDb0Eta2Q4TE1ndGFsUE5qc2lHQ3pfcjh4dTVrelZxemhpbVE?oc=5)FreshPlaza · 2026-10-08
- [Wholesale banana prices dip in drought-hit Jalgaon amid West Asia export disruption](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMi3wFBVV95cUxQQW82ckZuS2s2bVU4bUdCWDVPcHJOcUg3MHRzX2hhbWl3NXVrRE1xcmdrQmZGa29nNVN2c1hnd3NxdjFqLV9zT2EtWF91dlVLMGVsZ3B3bjlSeC10QVlRRndiQXE2Uk52Rllfd1ZUZ0tuTEVnbHN4NUJYMjJlSTJwazc4M1ExMS0tTUIxdkxJZTJvWml3MXJ4SFZxRUJiMmlnQTYyanBXUHZJVC04YjNhTlYtNFhEM21YUVcxT2RrZE5QTlFfZmhGVkQ0MlZYcWxXbWV6OTRTcGUwZXdUMEFn?oc=5)Hindustan Times · 2026-10-07
- [Indian banana exports face an unusual October peak season](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMitgFBVV95cUxPb1ptS0ZvbUN6ZHRiOExNbnNXOXZtLUVCQ2JOYlg2cXYxOUVhMHBhQU13RDFjNDlSSDYtaUdLemZPTFVnbzVVNHdURlVLVlB6RnBDNDlyNHNHc1FqM3NFcUlYVU9yV0pLam5raFJyWTcydlRheHFfQlpub1hWZlFsQnlVaUpnM3k3MC05LXNSODBsRWlXZGNUTFpwTS12dWlCUmRzMFlrdmdyZWxKN1ROX3JsaGZEUQ?oc=5)FreshPlaza · 2026-10-20
- [2 more held for HR manager's murder after argument over banana prices in Faridabad | India News](https://news.google.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?oc=5)Hindustan Times · 2026-10-08
- [Stronger banana prices on the way](https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMilgFBVV95cUxPamJ3S0NzcXItX2VSRVA5dkR5b1E5T2VPbVlsc3B3NFNFbFZwaE5WZmYwSW5jZXFIUzFXUVM5SXYxRXl2dE9aV2d1VUVXTHNMejBsSkNDRVNPdERacnk2V0Z1WV9BRE80Ql8yOWUyTGNGMGdTdDBZc1JKX2VsZUd5aGNTZkNKZlBDc003cEd6Tk1IMHFzREE?oc=5)FreshPlaza · 2026-10-12

#### Read the tabs
[Extraction](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/extraction/)[Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/production/)[Stocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/stocks/)[Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/cycles/)[Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/trading/)[Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/movement/)[Criticality](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/criticality/)[Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/characteristics/)[Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/emissions/)

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/correlation/index.md)
- [Extraction](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/extraction/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/production/index.md)
- [Stocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/stocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/movement/index.md)
- [Criticality](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/criticality/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/bananas/links/index.md)