# Beryllium

A light, stiff, toxic metal whose copper alloys make springs and connectors; the United States mines more than half of world supply.

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/

Tech & minor metals · No. 44

- EU critical 2023
- US critical 2025
- India critical 2023
- HHI 4,149 · highly concentrated
 Tech & minor metals · Foundation · Matter

Very light yet stiffer than steel, beryllium is mined mostly in the United States, from one deposit in Utah.

Chart: Illustration: Beryllium

##### Where it comes from

Chart: Map of where it comes from

Beryllium comes from beryl, hand-sorted from pegmatites in Brazil, Nigeria, Mozambique and Madagascar, and from lower-grade bertrandite at Spor Mountain, Utah, the main industrial source.

##### Three things to know

1. Most beryllium is sold as beryllium-copper with about 2% Be, which pairs spring strength with good conductivity for electrical connectors.
2. Consumer electronics took 29% of US beryllium sales revenue in 2025, and aerospace and defence another 24%.
3. Scrap may supply 20-25% of US consumption, and the leading producer recovers about 40% of the beryllium in alloy scrap.

##### The journey

1. 1 **Ore**Utah bertrandite or hand-sorted beryl
2. 2 **Leaching**Ore leached to beryllium hydroxide
3. 3 **Conversion**Into metal, oxide or master alloy
4. 4 **Alloy**Beryllium-copper strip with about 2% Be
5. 5 **End uses**Connectors, springs, aerospace and defence parts

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## Other sections

- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/correlation/index.md)
- [Extraction](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/extraction/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/production/index.md)
- [Stocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/stocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/movement/index.md)
- [Criticality](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/criticality/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/beryllium/links/index.md)