# Gallium: Relationships

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/links/

Every element and industry that Gallium is linked to, and how. Each pair has its own card explaining the relationships between the two.

- [Aluminium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aluminium-and-gallium/): Most primary gallium is a by-product of alumina refining, and China, which refined about 62% of the world's alumina in 2025, makes 99% of primary low-purity gallium; its export controls since August 2023 have turned this trace by-product into a supply security issue. *(researched)*
- [Germanium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/gallium-and-germanium/): Gallium and germanium are small by-product metals for chips and optics whose supply is concentrated in China, which has put both under the same export controls since August 2023. *(researched)*
- [Telecommunications](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/gallium-and-telecommunications/): Radio equipment for mobile networks relies on gallium compounds, gallium nitride in base station amplifiers and gallium arsenide in handsets, while China produces about 99% of the world's primary gallium and has used export controls on it since 2023. *(researched)*
- [Aerospace and defence](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aerospace-and-defence-and-gallium/): Aerospace and defence depends on gallium.
- [Lighting and displays](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/gallium-and-lighting-and-displays/): Lighting and displays needs gallium.
- [Public administration, defence and security](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/gallium-and-public-administration-defence-and-security/): Public administration, defence and security depends on gallium.
- [Semiconductors](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/gallium-and-semiconductors/): Semiconductors depends on gallium.
- [Solar photovoltaics](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/gallium-and-solar-photovoltaics/): Solar photovoltaics needs gallium.
- [Transformers and power electronics](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/gallium-and-transformers-and-power-electronics/): Transformers and power electronics needs gallium.
- [Vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/gallium-and-vehicles-ships-rail-aircraft/): Vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft depends on gallium.

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/correlation/index.md)
- [Extraction](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/extraction/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/production/index.md)
- [Stocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/stocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/movement/index.md)
- [Criticality](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/criticality/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/gallium/emissions/index.md)