# Germanium: Production How one country came to supply over nine-tenths Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/production/ What this tab covers Who produces it and how much: world output over recent years, the top producing countries with their shares, USGS world figures for 2024 and 2025, and the largest producing companies globally and in India. World Mining Data shows output rising from 96 t in 2020 to 163 t in 2023, then 150 t in 2024. China supplied 93.3%, Russia 3.3%, and the United States and Japan 1.3% each. An HHI of 8,726 is extreme. USGS gives no world total, saying data are limited and hard to verify. Only a few countries process germanium commercially: Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Russia and the United States. A Tennessee zinc mine that supplied germanium-bearing concentrate has been suspended since November 2023. #### Germanium ยท WMD 2020 96.0 2021 142 2022 139 2023 163 2024 150 World production, tonnes (World Mining Data 2026). #### Top producers 2024 China 93.3% Russia 3.3% United States 1.3% Japan 1.3% DR Congo 0.7% Concentration: HHI 8,726, highly concentrated. #### Largest producers by company, global - **Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium (Chinalco group)**: 56 t germanium products (2022) - **Yunnan Lincang Xinyuan Germanium Industry**: 47.6 t/yr germanium ingot capacity (2023) - **Russian producers (country total)**: 5 t Ge (country output) (2024) #### Largest producers by company, India India has no reported germanium production or refining and imports its needs for fibre and defence optics; germanium is on India's 2023 critical minerals list. Hindustan Zinc's integrated report for FY2025 reports no germanium recovery. ## Other sections - [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/index.md) - [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/overview/index.md) - [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/correlation/index.md) - [Extraction](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/extraction/index.md) - [Stocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/stocks/index.md) - [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/cycles/index.md) - [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/trading/index.md) - [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/movement/index.md) - [Criticality](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/criticality/index.md) - [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/characteristics/index.md) - [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/emissions/index.md) - [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/germanium/links/index.md)