# Grapes & wine

Vine fruit eaten fresh, dried as raisins or fermented into wine, with the high-value wine trade dominated by France and Italy.

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/

Fruit, roots & pulses · No. 120

- Not on a critical list
- HHI 833 · unconcentrated
 Fruit, roots & pulses · Foundation · Matter

China grows the most grapes, but France and Italy earn more than half of every dollar spent on exported wine.

Chart: Illustration: Grapes & wine

##### Where it comes from

Chart: Map of where it comes from

Vines grow grafted onto pest-resistant rootstocks, take years to bear and then crop for decades; the world harvested 75.9 million tonnes of grapes in 2024.

##### Three things to know

1. Wine exports were worth $38.0 billion in 2024, about three times the trade in grapes themselves, and France and Italy took 56.3%.
2. Peru and Chile lead fresh grape exports with 13.9% and 12.1%, filling northern winter shelves, while the United States takes 22.6% of imports.
3. A 2003 frost cut Champagne yields to 8,250 kg per hectare, against an average of 10,400.

##### The journey

1. 1 **Grafted vines**Pest-resistant rootstocks, cropping for decades
2. 2 **Harvest**Picked when sugar and acid balance
3. 3 **Cold chain**Table grapes cooled fast and shipped
4. 4 **Winery**Wine grapes crushed and fermented
5. 5 **Cellar**Aged, blended, bottled or shipped bulk

##### Go deeper pick a tab to open it in full

## Other sections

- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/correlation/index.md)
- [Extraction](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/extraction/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/production/index.md)
- [Stocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/stocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/movement/index.md)
- [Criticality](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/criticality/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/grapes/links/index.md)