# Rhenium: Production

How Chile came to dominate a doubling output

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/production/

What this tab covers Who produces it and how much: world output over recent years, the top producing countries with their shares, USGS world figures for 2024 and 2025, and the largest producing companies globally and in India.

World Mining Data shows output more than doubling, from 36,304 kg in 2020 to 77,284 kg in 2024. The HHI of 5,210 is very high, driven by Chile at 70%. The sources differ on attribution. USGS credits Chile with about 30,000 of 81,000 kg in 2025, roughly 37%, a figure that includes rhenium recovered from roaster residues in Belgium, Chile, Mexico and Peru. On USGS figures China (20,000 kg), Poland (10,000 kg), the US (9,800 kg) and Uzbekistan (7,000 kg) follow. Secondary rhenium added 20,000-25,000 kg in 2025, led by the US and Germany.

#### Rhenium · WMD
 2020 36k 2021 41k 2022 52k 2023 73k 2024 77k World production, kg (World Mining Data 2026).

#### Top producers 2024
 Chile 70.4% United States 12.1% Poland 9.1% China 3.5% Russia 2.6% Kazakhstan 1.3% Uzbekistan 0.9% Armenia 0.2% Concentration: HHI 5,210, highly concentrated.

#### USGS estimate
 World, 2024 79,800 kilograms, Re content (mine, primary only) World, 2025e 81,000 kilograms, Re content (mine, primary only)

#### Largest producers by company, global

- **Molymet (Molibdenos y Metales)**: 18,000 kg Re exported (2015)
- **Codelco (Molyb subsidiary)**: 6,500 kg Re/yr expected (range 6,000-7,000) (from 2017)
- **KGHM Polska Miedz**: 7,000 kg Re (about) (2014)
- **Pratt & Whitney (buyer)**: 690 US$ million contract value (2014)

#### Largest producers by company, India

India produces no rhenium. It imports rhenium in reforming catalysts for its oil refineries and in superalloys for aero-engine and gas-turbine work; rhenium is on India's 2023 critical list.

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/correlation/index.md)
- [Extraction](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/extraction/index.md)
- [Stocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/stocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/movement/index.md)
- [Criticality](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/criticality/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rhenium/links/index.md)