# Water: Relationships

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/links/

Every element and industry that Water is linked to, and how. Each pair has its own card explaining the relationships between the two.

- [Hydropower dams](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/hydropower-dams-and-water/): A dam's output is set by how much water reaches its reservoir, so a weak monsoon or a drought cuts generation and forces coal or gas to fill the gap. Reservoirs also lose water to evaporation and share it with irrigation and cities, which ties hydropower to water policy. *(researched)*
- [Rice](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/rice-and-water/): Paddy rice is one of the thirstiest field crops, using about 30% of the world's irrigation water; in Punjab it has driven groundwater extraction well beyond recharge, and India's rice exports carried about 40 billion m³ of virtual water abroad in 2023-24. *(researched)*
- [Hydrogen](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/hydrogen-and-water/): Electrolysis makes hydrogen by splitting water, using about 9 litres of purified water per kilogram before cooling needs. The volumes are small next to farming, but many of the sunniest and windiest sites planned for green hydrogen, including in western India, are short of fresh water, so siting and water sourcing matter. *(researched)*
- [Water and sanitation](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/water-and-water-and-sanitation/): Raw water is the resource that water and sanitation utilities abstract, treat, deliver and then collect back as sewage. In India the system is being expanded fast through the Jal Jeevan Mission, but it rests on groundwater that is over-drawn in many areas and on tariffs that rarely cover costs. *(researched)*
- [Semiconductors](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/semiconductors-and-water/): Chip fabs rinse wafers repeatedly with ultrapure water, so a large fab draws millions of gallons a day and cannot run if supply fails. Where fabs are built, and how much water they recycle, is now a siting decision alongside power and skills. *(researched)*
- [Textiles and leather](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/textiles-and-leather-and-water/): Textiles and leather use water at every stage, from irrigating cotton to dye baths and hide soaking, and return it loaded with dyes, salts and chemicals. In India, court-enforced zero liquid discharge in Tiruppur and the tanning clusters turned effluent rules into a cost and siting factor for the whole chain. *(researched)*
- [Geothermal power plants](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/geothermal-power-plants-and-water/): Geothermal power plants needs water; their prices have moved together.
- [Run-of-river and small hydro](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/run-of-river-and-small-hydro-and-water/): Run-of-river and small hydro needs water; their prices have moved together.
- [AI and digital platforms](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/ai-and-digital-platforms-and-water/): AI and digital platforms depends on water.
- [Apparel and footwear](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-water/): Apparel and footwear depends on water.
- [Building materials](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/building-materials-and-water/): Building materials depends on water.
- [Chlorine](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/chlorine-and-water/): Their prices have moved together.
- [Concentrated solar power](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/concentrated-solar-power-and-water/): Concentrated solar power needs water.
- [Data centres and cloud](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/data-centres-and-cloud-and-water/): Data centres and cloud depends on water.
- [E-commerce and digital marketplaces](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/e-commerce-and-digital-marketplaces-and-water/): E-commerce and digital marketplaces depends on water.
- [Electrolysers](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/electrolysers-and-water/): Electrolysers needs water.
- [Energy-intensive industry](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/energy-intensive-industry-and-water/): Their prices have moved together.
- [Food and beverage processing](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/food-and-beverage-processing-and-water/): Food and beverage processing depends on water.
- [Healthcare services](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/healthcare-services-and-water/): Healthcare services depends on water.
- [Hospitality and tourism](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/hospitality-and-tourism-and-water/): Hospitality and tourism depends on water.
- [Household and personal care](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/household-and-personal-care-and-water/): Household and personal care depends on water.
- [Low-carbon hydrogen and e-fuels](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/low-carbon-hydrogen-and-e-fuels-and-water/): Water is a raw material for low-carbon hydrogen and e-fuels.
- [Maize](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/maize-and-water/): Their prices have moved together.
- [Nuclear fission reactors](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/nuclear-fission-reactors-and-water/): Nuclear fission reactors needs water.
- [Paper and packaging](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/paper-and-packaging-and-water/): Paper and packaging depends on water.
- [Plastic and rubber products](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/plastic-and-rubber-products-and-water/): Plastic and rubber products depends on water.
- [Public administration, defence and security](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/public-administration-defence-and-security-and-water/): Public administration, defence and security depends on water.
- [Pumped hydro storage](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/pumped-hydro-storage-and-water/): Pumped hydro storage needs water.
- [Real estate](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/real-estate-and-water/): Real estate depends on water.
- [Small, airborne and traditional wind](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/small-airborne-and-traditional-wind-and-water/): Their prices have moved together.
- [Software and IT services](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/software-and-it-services-and-water/): Software and IT services depends on water.
- [Steam turbines and thermal power plants](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/steam-turbines-and-thermal-power-plants-and-water/): Steam turbines and thermal power plants needs water.
- [Waste and recycling](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/waste-and-recycling-and-water/): Waste and recycling depends on water.
- [Water cycle](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/water-and-water-cycle/): Water cycle needs water.
- [Water treatment chemicals](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/water-and-water-treatment-chemicals/): Water is a raw material for water treatment chemicals.
- [Wood products](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/water-and-wood-products/): Wood products depends on water.

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/correlation/index.md)
- [Extraction](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/extraction/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/production/index.md)
- [Stocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/stocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/movement/index.md)
- [Criticality](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/criticality/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/emissions/index.md)