# Biogas and biomethane: Regulation

Explosions, toxic H2S and leaks: the safety rules

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/regulation/

What this tab covers How it is regulated and what could disrupt supply: hazard classification, rules in the EU, US and India, anti-dumping duties and other trade measures, and supply-risk notes.

#### Hazards

| Classification | UN number | Key risks |
|---|---|---|
| flammable gas category 1; gas under pressure; raw biogas also contains toxic H2S | UN1971 (compressed); UN1972 (liquefied) | Explosion and asphyxiation in digesters and storage; H2S poisoning; methane leaks undo climate benefits. |

#### Main rules

| Where | Rule | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| **EU** | RED III, REPowerEU 35 bcm biomethane target by 2030 (indicative), Methane Regulation, Union Database for certificates | supports grid biomethane and traceability |
| **US** | RFS D3 cellulosic RINs (1.36 billion in 2026, 1.43 billion in 2027); California LCFS; 45Z | transport RNG demand and credits |
| **Denmark** | subsidised biomethane; biogases 40% of gas use (IEA) | leading national model |

#### India

| Rule | Effect |
|---|---|
| **SATAT (2018): OMCs buy CBG from independent producers** | offtake guarantee; 1,103 LoIs by Nov 2025 |
| **CBG Blending Obligation for CNG (transport) and domestic PNG: 1% 2025-26, 3% 2026-27, 4% 2027-28, 5% from 2028-29; mandatory from April 2025, monitored by PPAC** | creates binding demand |
| **Central financial assistance for biomass aggregation machinery (revised Jul 2025); GST 5% on plant equipment** | lowers capex 6-8% (IBA) |
| **GOBARdhan and Sampoorn GOBARdhan scheme (Aug 2026)** | village and dairy-based plants |
| **BIS IS 16087 specification for CBG (indicative)** | quality standard for injection and vehicles |

#### Trade measures

- None material; certificate recognition across borders is limited

#### Supply risk

Supply is local and diversified, so geopolitical risk is low. The risks are feedstock seasonality, methane leakage and policy: plants built for a tariff can close when it ends.

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/index.md)
- [Energy overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/energy/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/correlation/index.md)
- [Efficiency](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/efficiency/index.md)
- [Techniques](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/techniques/index.md)
- [Resources and labour](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/resources/index.md)
- [Impact on the biosphere](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/biosphere/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/overview/index.md)
- [Production route](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/routes/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/production/index.md)
- [Feedstocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/feedstocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/movement/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/links/index.md)