# Biogas and biomethane: Trading

Who in India must now buy compressed biogas

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/trading/

What this tab covers How it is bought and sold: buyers and sellers, price benchmarks and who publishes them, exchanges, contract types, traders, how Indian buyers price it, recent price points, and good sources to follow.

#### Who buys, and where

- City gas distributors and OMCs in India under the CBO
- European gas suppliers and industry buying certificates
- US fleets and CNG station operators

#### Who sells, and from where

- Plant owners via grid injection or cascades
- Certificate registries (guarantees of origin)

#### Price benchmarks

| Benchmark | Publisher | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| **SATAT / CBG-CGD pool procurement price** | GAIL / OMCs | administered, linked to CNG retail price |
| **European biomethane certificate prices** | Argus / national registries | per MWh, by subsidy status (indicative) |
| **LCFS credit price** | CARB / brokers | $ per t CO2e |

#### Exchanges

| Venue | Contract | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| **none for physical biomethane** | natural gas futures (TTF, Henry Hub) hedge the gas component | credit markets are bilateral or broker-run |

#### Contract types

- Long-term offtake with OMCs and CGDs (India)
- Grid injection tariffs or contracts for difference (EU)
- Green gas certificates traded separately from the gas
- RIN and LCFS credit sales (US)

#### Traders and distributors

- Shell, BP, TotalEnergies, Engie, Vitol (indicative)
- GAIL as India's CBG pool aggregator

#### How Indian buyers price it

- GAIL buys CBG at 85% of the average CNG retail selling price (May 2025 revision)
- CGD entities blend under the CBO and report quarterly to PPAC
- GST on biogas and CBG plant equipment cut to 5%

#### Recent price points

| Date | Price | Basis | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 2025 | **85% of average CNG retail price; reference Rs 1,478 per MMBtu** | GAIL CBG procurement, India | Renewable Watch, 19 Dec 2025 (SATAT portal, IBA, GAIL data) |
| 2025 | **$36-108/MWh** | average world biomethane production cost | IEA Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane (May 2025), via World Biogas Association and BioCycle |

#### Good sources to follow
[European Biogas Association statistics](https://www.renewableenergymagazine.com/biogas/european-biogas-association-unveils-15th-edition-of-20251210)freemium research site · EBA

European biogas and biomethane output, plants and policy
[World Biogas Association](https://www.worldbiogasassociation.org/ieas-2025-outlook-for-biogas-and-biomethane/)free research site · WBA

global biogas policy and IEA summaries
[Renewable Watch](https://renewablewatch.in/2025/12/19/gaining-maturity-improvement-in-cbg-offtake-and-economics/)freemium newsletter · Renewable Watch

Indian CBG, SATAT and renewable energy economics
[BioCycle](https://www.biocycle.net/global-outlook-for-biogas-and-biomethane/)freemium newsletter · BioCycle

anaerobic digestion, composting and organics recycling
[BioEnergy Times](https://bioenergytimes.com/)free newsletter · BioEnergy Times

Indian CBG plant and policy news

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/index.md)
- [Energy overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/energy/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/correlation/index.md)
- [Efficiency](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/efficiency/index.md)
- [Techniques](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/techniques/index.md)
- [Resources and labour](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/resources/index.md)
- [Impact on the biosphere](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/biosphere/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/overview/index.md)
- [Production route](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/routes/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/production/index.md)
- [Feedstocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/feedstocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/cycles/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/movement/index.md)
- [Regulation](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/regulation/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/links/index.md)