# Aviation propulsion: Relationships

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_aviation/links/

Every element and industry that Aviation propulsion is linked to, and how. Each pair has its own card explaining the relationships between the two.

- [Aerospace and defence](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aerospace-and-defence-and-aviation-propulsion/): No aircraft, civil or military, can be delivered without its engines, and engine output is now the tightest constraint on the industry; India still flies every fighter on a foreign engine and is trying to change that through the Safran co-development for AMCA. *(researched)*
- [Renewable diesel and SAF](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-renewable-diesel-and-saf/): Sustainable aviation fuel is a drop-in replacement for jet fuel that existing engines can burn in blends, but it was only about 0.6% of jet fuel in 2025 and costs at least twice as much. Its growth is set by mandates such as ReFuelEU and India's CORSIA-linked targets, not by price. *(researched)*
- [Titanium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-titanium/): Jet engines and airframes are the main market for titanium metal, using it for fan and compressor parts and highly loaded structures, and aerospace-grade supply is concentrated, with Russia's VSMPO-AVISMA still supplying about half of Airbus's needs. *(researched)*
- [Vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-vehicles-ships-rail-aircraft/): Aircraft builders cannot deliver without engines, and narrowbody engines come from very few suppliers, mainly CFM and Pratt & Whitney, so engine output and engine faults now set how many aircraft reach airlines. *(researched)*
- [Gas turbines and combined cycle](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-gas-turbines-and-combined-cycle/): Energy flows from gas turbines and combined cycle to aviation propulsion; their prices have moved together.
- [Nickel](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-nickel/): Aviation propulsion needs nickel; their prices have moved together.
- [Ammonia, methanol and e-fuels](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/ammonia-methanol-and-e-fuels-and-aviation-propulsion/): Energy flows from ammonia, methanol and e-fuels to aviation propulsion.
- [Apparel and footwear](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-aviation-propulsion/): Apparel and footwear depends on aviation propulsion.
- [Crude oil](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-crude-oil/): Their prices have moved together.
- [E-commerce and digital marketplaces](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-e-commerce-and-digital-marketplaces/): E-commerce and digital marketplaces depends on aviation propulsion.
- [Engine exhaust recovery](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-engine-exhaust-recovery/): Energy flows from aviation propulsion to engine exhaust recovery.
- [Hospitality and tourism](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-hospitality-and-tourism/): Hospitality and tourism depends on aviation propulsion.
- [Internal combustion engines and gensets](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-internal-combustion-engines-and-gensets/): Energy flows from internal combustion engines and gensets to aviation propulsion.
- [Low-carbon hydrogen and e-fuels](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-low-carbon-hydrogen-and-e-fuels/): Energy flows from low-carbon hydrogen and e-fuels to aviation propulsion.
- [Next-generation lithium batteries](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-next-generation-lithium-batteries/): Energy flows from next-generation lithium batteries to aviation propulsion.
- [Nickel-rich lithium-ion batteries](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-nickel-rich-lithium-ion-batteries/): Energy flows from nickel-rich lithium-ion batteries to aviation propulsion.
- [Oil and product pipelines](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-oil-and-product-pipelines/): Energy flows from oil and product pipelines to aviation propulsion.
- [Power-to-X](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-power-to-x/): Energy flows from power-to-X to aviation propulsion.
- [Professional services](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-professional-services/): Professional services depends on aviation propulsion.
- [Public administration, defence and security](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-public-administration-defence-and-security/): Public administration, defence and security depends on aviation propulsion.
- [Refining and reforming](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-refining-and-reforming/): Energy flows from refining and reforming to aviation propulsion.
- [Tankers, barges and fuel trucks](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-tankers-barges-and-fuel-trucks/): Energy flows from tankers, barges and fuel trucks to aviation propulsion.
- [Transport and logistics](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aviation-propulsion-and-transport-and-logistics/): Transport and logistics depends on aviation propulsion.

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_aviation/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_aviation/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_aviation/correlation/index.md)
- [Science and limits](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_aviation/science/index.md)
- [Value chain](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_aviation/valuechain/index.md)
- [Unit economics](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_aviation/economics/index.md)
- [Engineering methods](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_aviation/methods/index.md)
- [Equipment and suppliers](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_aviation/equipment/index.md)