# Ammonia, methanol and e-fuels

Energy stored in synthetic molecules that can be burned or turned back into hydrogen.

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_efuels_store/

Storage · Chemical · No. 87

- Storage
- Duration: Seasons
 Storage · Chemical · Foundation · Energy

Synthetic jet fuel made from green hydrogen cost about EUR 7,520 a tonne in 2025, more than ten times fossil kerosene.

Chart: Illustration: Ammonia, methanol and e-fuels

##### Where it comes from

Chart: Map of where it comes from

Hydrogen from electrolysis is joined with nitrogen from air to make ammonia, or with captured CO2 to make methanol, e-methane or e-kerosene.

##### Three things to know

1. Liquid ammonia holds about 3 kWh per litre and stays liquid at -33 C, making it easy to keep for a season.
2. A 10,000 tonne refrigerated ammonia tank costs GBP 20 to 40 million, cheap per unit of energy stored.
3. In 2024 JERA ran a 1 GW Japanese coal unit on 20% ammonia for about two months.

##### The journey

1. 1 **Renewable power**Cheap solar and wind, often remote
2. 2 **Electrolysis**Splits water into hydrogen
3. 3 **Synthesis**Add nitrogen or captured CO2
4. 4 **Tanks and ships**Liquid fuel kept for months
5. 5 **Use**Fertiliser, shipping, aviation, co-firing
 Covered in [Storing energy: from fuel stocks to batteriesEnergy](https://www.materialinsights.org/learn/energy/storing-energy/)

##### Go deeper pick a tab to open it in full

## Other sections

- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_efuels_store/overview/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_efuels_store/correlation/index.md)
- [Science and technology](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_efuels_store/sg-sci/index.md)
- [Engineering and performance](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_efuels_store/sg-eng/index.md)
- [Economics](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_efuels_store/sg-econ/index.md)
- [Impact and additionality](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_efuels_store/sg-impact/index.md)
- [What to track](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_efuels_store/tracking/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_efuels_store/links/index.md)