# Electric heating: Equipment and suppliers Inside the magnetron and a furnace transformer of 280 MVA Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_electric_heat/equipment/ What this tab covers For each method, the main pieces of equipment, who makes them (by region) and what they are made of (bill of materials). Main items: the storage water heater, the induction hob's coil and inverter, the arc furnace with its transformer and electrodes, and the microwave oven's magnetron. #### Resistive water heating **Electric storage water heater (geyser)**^[9](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/91142/000009114226000008/aos-20251231.htm) Heats and stores hot water for a home. United States A. O. Smith, Rheem, Bradford White China Haier, Midea Japan and Korea Rinnai India Racold, Bajaj, Havells Bill of materials - **Tank**: Glass-lined steel with a sacrificial magnesium or aluminium anode Not published - **Heating element and thermostat**: Nickel-chromium wire in a magnesium oxide filled metal sheath Not published - **Insulation and casing**: Polyurethane foam, painted steel jacket Not published #### Electric arc furnace steelmaking **Electric arc furnace**^[8](https://gmk.center/ua/news/na-svitovomu-rinku-vidznachaietsya-visokij-popit-na-eaf-ceo-danieli/)^[4](https://www.advancedenergy.com/en-us/about/news/blog/steel-manufacturing-requires-efficient-electric-arc-furnaces/)^[12](https://www.primetals.com/en/news/primetals-technologies-chosen-as-supplier-of-electric-arc-furnace-based-steelmaking-plant-in-austria/)^[13](https://gmk.center/en/news/sms-group-to-install-one-of-the-largest-eafs-for-swedish-ssab/)^[14](https://www.heattreattoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/20260803_PressRelease_Tenova_HKM.pdf) Melts scrap or DRI with electric arcs. Europe Danieli (Italy), SMS group (Germany), Tenova (Italy), Primetals Technologies (United Kingdom, owned by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) Bill of materials - **Furnace transformer and power controls**: Very high current transformer (280 MVA for SSAB's 190-tonne furnace); thyristor (SCR) controllers approaching 99.5% efficiency (supplier claim) Not published - **Graphite electrodes**: Consumed during melting Not published - **Shell, water-cooled panels, refractory hearth**: Steel shell, copper or steel cooling panels, magnesia refractory Not published #### Induction and microwave heating **Induction hob**^[1](https://www.energystar.gov/about/2021_residential_induction_cooking_tops)^[15](https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0330/2026033001928.pdf)^[16](https://www.kbbreview.com/81563/news/euromonitor-names-haier-leading-appliance-brand-for-17th-year/)^[17](https://press.bsh-group.com/pressreleases/demonstrating-resilience-investing-in-the-future-bsh-asserts-itself-with-a-turnover-of-15-euro-billion-in-2025-in-a-challenging-environment-3439937)^[18](https://www.electroluxgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/02/electrolux-260219-Press-release-Electrolux-Group-2025-Annual-Report-eng-260219.pdf) Heats pans by eddy currents. Europe BSH (Bosch, Siemens, Neff brands), Electrolux (Electrolux, AEG) China Midea, Haier Bill of materials - **Inverter**: IGBT power switches with rectifier and capacitors Not published - **Coil and top**: Copper litz-wire coil on ferrite, glass-ceramic surface Not published **Microwave oven**^[6](https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/17914/2/FullText.pdf)^[15](https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0330/2026033001928.pdf)^[19](https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202006/29/WS5ef95618a310834817255c2e.html)^[20](https://www.panasonic.com/ca/consumer/home-appliances-learn/panasonickitchen/welcome-to-the-panasonic-kitchen/technology/30yearsofinverter.html)^[21](https://lg.com/ae/about-lg/press-media/lg-introduces-neochef-microwave-oven-with-smart-inverter-technology) Heats food with 2,450 MHz radiation. China Midea, Galanz Japan and Korea Panasonic, LG Electronics Bill of materials - **Magnetron**: Copper anode block, permanent magnets, heated cathode Not published - **High-voltage supply and cavity**: Transformer or inverter, capacitor, steel cavity with door mesh Not published #### Sources 1. [ENERGY STAR Emerging Technology Award 2021: Residential Induction Cooking Tops](https://www.energystar.gov/about/2021_residential_induction_cooking_tops) US EPA / DOE ENERGY STAR, 2021 2. [Steel manufacturing requires efficient electric arc furnaces](https://www.advancedenergy.com/en-us/about/news/blog/steel-manufacturing-requires-efficient-electric-arc-furnaces/) Advanced Energy, 2023 3. [Energy issues in microwave food processing: a review of developments and the enabling potentials of solid-state power delivery (Atuonwu and Tassou, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition; author manuscript)](https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/17914/2/FullText.pdf) Brunel University London repository, 2019 4. [High demand for EAFs on the global market: Danieli CEO](https://gmk.center/ua/news/na-svitovomu-rinku-vidznachaietsya-visokij-popit-na-eaf-ceo-danieli/) GMK Center, 2024 5. [A. O. Smith Corporation Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/91142/000009114226000008/aos-20251231.htm) A. O. Smith / US SEC, 2026 6. [Primetals Technologies chosen as supplier of electric arc furnace based steelmaking plant in Austria (press release, 12 January 2024)](https://www.primetals.com/en/news/primetals-technologies-chosen-as-supplier-of-electric-arc-furnace-based-steelmaking-plant-in-austria/) Primetals Technologies, 2024 7. [SMS group to install one of the largest EAFs for Swedish SSAB](https://gmk.center/en/news/sms-group-to-install-one-of-the-largest-eafs-for-swedish-ssab/) GMK Center, 2024 8. [Tenova to supply Consteel EAF to HKM (press release, 3 August 2026)](https://www.heattreattoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/20260803_PressRelease_Tenova_HKM.pdf) Tenova (hosted by Heat Treat Today), 2026 9. [Midea Group annual results announcement for the year ended 31 December 2025](https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0330/2026033001928.pdf) Midea Group / HKEX, 2026 10. [Euromonitor names Haier leading appliance brand for 17th year](https://www.kbbreview.com/81563/news/euromonitor-names-haier-leading-appliance-brand-for-17th-year/) kbbreview, 2026 11. [BSH reports turnover of EUR 15 billion in 2025 (press release, 26 March 2026)](https://press.bsh-group.com/pressreleases/demonstrating-resilience-investing-in-the-future-bsh-asserts-itself-with-a-turnover-of-15-euro-billion-in-2025-in-a-challenging-environment-3439937) BSH Hausgeraete, 2026 12. [AB Electrolux publishes 2025 Annual Report (press release, 19 February 2026)](https://www.electroluxgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/02/electrolux-260219-Press-release-Electrolux-Group-2025-Annual-Report-eng-260219.pdf) Electrolux Group, 2026 13. [Galanz opens Industry 4.0 microwave oven base in Shunde](https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202006/29/WS5ef95618a310834817255c2e.html) China Daily, 2020 14. [35+ years of inverter technology (microwave ovens)](https://www.panasonic.com/ca/consumer/home-appliances-learn/panasonickitchen/welcome-to-the-panasonic-kitchen/technology/30yearsofinverter.html) Panasonic Canada, 2026 15. [LG introduces NeoChef microwave oven with Smart Inverter technology (press release)](https://lg.com/ae/about-lg/press-media/lg-introduces-neochef-microwave-oven-with-smart-inverter-technology) LG Electronics, 2018 ## Other sections - [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_electric_heat/index.md) - [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_electric_heat/overview/index.md) - [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_electric_heat/correlation/index.md) - [Science and limits](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_electric_heat/science/index.md) - [Value chain](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_electric_heat/valuechain/index.md) - [Unit economics](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_electric_heat/economics/index.md) - [Engineering methods](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_electric_heat/methods/index.md) - [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_electric_heat/links/index.md)