# Electric and hybrid vehicles: Overview

Motors, batteries and hybrids reshaping how the world drives

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_evs/overview/

What this tile covers Vehicles driven by electric motors from batteries, and hybrids that combine an engine with a battery. Share of use 0.2% share of final energy use (2024)

Share of world total final energy consumption (about 435 EJ, calculated: motor systems 13,462 TWh are 53% of electricity, so about 25,400 TWh or 91 EJ, and electricity is about 21% of final energy) that passes through this device or is used by this sector, latest year available. Electricity-based devices use electricity's 21% share of final energy (IEA WEO 2025). Overlaps between devices and sectors are allowed and noted. The EV fleet used about 180 TWh in 2024, about 0.7% of final electricity; at 21% electricity share that is about 0.15% of final energy (calculated). Hybrid fuel use is counted under combustion road vehicles. Source: [Global EV Outlook 2025: Outlook for energy demand](https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2025/outlook-for-energy-demand), International Energy Agency.

#### Key facts

| **Chain** | Grid AC → charger → battery → inverter → motor → kinetic; braking returns energy |
|---|---|

#### Included from the reference tables

- Battery electric vehicles
- Hybrid cars
- E-bikes and e-scooters
- Hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles

#### Linked to the material world
[Li Lithium](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/lithium/)[Ni Nickel](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/nickel/)[Co Cobalt](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/cobalt/)[Gr Graphite](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/graphite/)[Cu Copper](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/copper/)

#### Also in Transport systems
[ICV Combustion road vehicles](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_road_ice/)[Rail Rail traction](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_rail_traction/)[Jet Aviation propulsion](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_aviation/)[Shp Ship propulsion](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_marine/)[Rkt Rockets and human power](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_rockets/)

Explore paths from here
 More on this tile in the tabs above: science and limits, value chain, unit economics, engineering methods, equipment and suppliers.

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_evs/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_evs/correlation/index.md)
- [Science and limits](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_evs/science/index.md)
- [Value chain](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_evs/valuechain/index.md)
- [Unit economics](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_evs/economics/index.md)
- [Engineering methods](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_evs/methods/index.md)
- [Equipment and suppliers](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_evs/equipment/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_evs/links/index.md)