# Renewable diesel and SAF: Regulation

Handled just like diesel and kerosene

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/regulation/

What this tab covers How it is regulated and what could disrupt supply: hazard classification, rules in the EU, US and India, anti-dumping duties and other trade measures, and supply-risk notes.

#### Hazards

| Classification | UN number | Key risks |
|---|---|---|
| flammable liquid category 3; aspiration hazard (as for diesel and kerosene) | UN1202 (HVO); UN1863 (SAF blends) | Similar to fossil diesel and jet; lower aromatics make it less toxic. |

#### Main rules

| Where | Rule | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| **EU** | ReFuelEU Aviation: 2% SAF from 2025, 6% from 2030, with an e-SAF sub-mandate; crop-based fuels excluded | guaranteed SAF demand; caps on non-Annex IX wastes |
| **EU** | RED III transport targets and Annex IX feedstock lists | reward waste-based HVO |
| **US** | RFS (1.7 RINs per gallon of renewable diesel), California LCFS, 45Z clean fuel credit (imports excluded), half RINs for imports from 2028 | credit stack drives US output |
| **Global** | ICAO CORSIA: offsetting from 2024 with credit for CORSIA-eligible fuels using default life-cycle values | SAF counts against airline offset obligations |
| **UK** | SAF mandate from 2025 with e-SAF from 2028 | SAF demand |

#### India

| Rule | Effect |
|---|---|
| **SAF blending for international flights: 1% from 2027, 2% in 2028 and 5% by 2030 (Civil Aviation Ministry, 30 Jul 2026, via S&P Global; national SAF policy still in draft)** | demand of the order of tens of kt in 2027 |
| **National Policy on Biofuels 2018 (amended 2022) covers drop-in fuels (indicative)** | framework for OMC SAF projects |

#### Trade measures

- EU duties of 8-18% on Indonesian biodiesel, HVO and SAF extended five years (Argus, Mar 2026)
- US 45Z excludes imported fuels and feedstocks; RFS half RINs for imports from 2028

#### Supply risk

Supply is concentrated in a few large plants and companies, and feedstock is limited by the world's waste fat supply. Policy risk is high: a change in credits can halve margins within a year.

## Other sections

- [Summary](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/index.md)
- [Energy overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/energy/index.md)
- [Correlation](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/correlation/index.md)
- [Efficiency](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/efficiency/index.md)
- [Techniques](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/techniques/index.md)
- [Resources and labour](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/resources/index.md)
- [Impact on the biosphere](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/biosphere/index.md)
- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/overview/index.md)
- [Production route](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/routes/index.md)
- [Production](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/production/index.md)
- [Feedstocks](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/feedstocks/index.md)
- [Cycles](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/cycles/index.md)
- [Trading](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/trading/index.md)
- [Movement](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/movement/index.md)
- [Characteristics](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/characteristics/index.md)
- [Emissions](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/emissions/index.md)
- [Relationships](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/hvo_saf/links/index.md)