# AI and digital platforms: Chokepoints and risks

Model builders and apps selling AI as assistants, APIs and copilots, not hardware

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/ai_platforms/risks/

#### Chokepoints and risks

- Chip concentration: Nvidia holds an estimated 80-90% of AI accelerator revenue and TSMC in Taiwan makes most leading-edge accelerators, while export controls limit who can buy them^[5](https://siliconanalysts.com/analysis/nvidia-ai-accelerator-market-share-2024-2026).
- Power: data centres used about 415 TWh (1.5% of world electricity) in 2024 and about 17% more in 2025, and the IEA expects use to roughly double by 2030 (forecast), with gas turbines, transformers and grid connections already bottlenecks^[3](https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-and-ai/energy-demand-from-ai)^,^[6](https://www.iea.org/news/data-centre-electricity-use-surged-in-2025-even-with-tightening-bottlenecks-driving-a-scramble-for-solutions).
- Capital intensity: infrastructure was about 55% of 2025 AI spending (calculated), so returns depend on sustained revenue growth^[1](https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2026-1-15-gartner-says-worldwide-ai-spending-will-total-2-point-5-trillion-dollars-in-2026).
- Geographic concentration: the US took US$ 285.9 billion of 2025 AI investment, against US$ 20.9 billion in Europe and US$ 12.4 billion in China^[2](https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2026-ai-index-report/economy).
- Copyright litigation and new AI regulation could restrict training data or raise compliance costs.

## Other sections

- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/ai_platforms/index.md)
- [Where ₹100 goes](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/ai_platforms/cost-mix/index.md)
- [Price links with suppliers](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/ai_platforms/price-links/index.md)
- [Example story](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/ai_platforms/story/index.md)
- [Linked industries](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/ai_platforms/linked-industries/index.md)
- [Value chain](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/ai_platforms/value-chain/index.md)
- [Materials drawn on](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/ai_platforms/materials/index.md)
- [Sources](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/ai_platforms/sources/index.md)