# Apparel and footwear Stratum 2 · Assembled goods Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/ Stratum 2 · Assembled goods ## Apparel and footwear Designs, makes and sells clothing, shoes and accessories. Global sales of fashion and footwear were about US$ 1.86 trillion in 2025 (Euromonitor, via Modaes). China made 31.6% of world garment exports in 2023, ahead of Bangladesh and Vietnam (WTO), and 55.6% of the 24.6 billion pairs of shoes made in 2025 (World Footwear).^[1](https://www.modaes.com/global/markets/global-fashion-market-on-track-for-2-trillion-by-2026-and-a-37-increase) **India.** India was the fifth-largest garment exporter in 2023 with US$ 15 billion, a 3% share (WTO), and the second-largest footwear producer at about 3 billion pairs in 2025 (World Footwear). The US took 33% of India's garment exports in 2024, so US duties, which hit 50% in August 2025 before a 2026 deal and court ruling cut them, swing exporters' prospects^[4](https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/story/business%2F50-us-tariff-on-indian-apparel-exports-could-be-death-knell-for-small-firms-aepc-3670074)^,^[6](https://kpmg.com/us/en/taxnewsflash/news/2026/02/united-states-removes-tariffs-imports-india.html)^,^[7](https://www.newsonair.gov.in/white-house-says-india-to-face-temporary-10-per-cent-tariff-after-new-us-order). Depends on 3 of 35 industries · 2 directly Relied on by 2 industries, directly or indirectly Enterprise types 13 in 5 stages Chokepoints 0 rated 5 of 5 Size about US$ 1.86 trillion consumer sales of fashion and footwear (Euromonitor) 2025 ## [Where ₹100 of apparel and footwear output goes](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/cost-mix/) Where ₹100 of apparel and footwear output goes Every rupee of sales is paid out to someone along the chain. This splits ₹100 of output by who finally receives it, so you can see how exposed the industry is to commodity, chemical and energy prices. Commodities ₹12.0 Chemicals ₹3.4 Energy ₹13.1… ## [Price links with supplier industries](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/price-links/) Price links with supplier industries How the industries this one buys from shape its prices: the share of its costs they make up, and how their prices have moved together. Tap a row for the charts. Hover or tap ? for what each measure means. Supplier industry Cost share Raw-material mix… ## [Follow one offering through the chain](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/story/) Follow one offering through the chain 2 Example story · 7 steps · India A cotton T-shirt knitted in Tiruppur Follow a T-shirt from a brand's order through Tamil Nadu's knitwear hub to the shop rail and beyond. 1 / 7 · Brand and design A brand places the order $1.86tn world fashion and footwear… ## [Buys directly from](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/linked-industries/) Buys directly from Textiles and leather Plastic and rubber products Depends on through its suppliers Water and sanitation Sells directly into Wholesale and retail trade ## [Value chain, from upstream to the customer](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/value-chain/) Value chain, from upstream to the customer Criticality to the chain: 5 · Chokepoint 4 · Critical 3 · Important 2 · Supporting 1 · Commodity service Stage 1 Brand and design Apparel and footwear brand owners 3 · Important Design ranges, own the brands and customer data, place orders with factories… ## [What the whole chain draws on](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/materials/) What the whole chain draws on Every commodity, chemical and energy tile named by the enterprises above; ×n shows how many of them depend on it. Open any tile for its full detail. Commodities (8) Cu Copper ×2 Ct Cotton Zn Zinc Rbr Natural rubber Bf Beef St Steel Al Aluminium H₂O Water Chemicals… ## [Chokepoints and risks](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/risks/) Chokepoints and risks US duties on Indian goods reached 50% in August 2025, a February 2026 deal set 18% and a later court ruling left a temporary 10% duty, so terms in India's largest apparel market keep shifting 4 , 6 , 7 . China makes 55.6% of the world's shoes, so trade measures against China… ## [Sources](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/sources/) Sources Global fashion market on track for 2 trillion dollars by 2026 (Euromonitor data) Modaes, 2026 China 2023's top global RMG exporter, Bangladesh 2nd, Vietnam 3rd: WTO Fibre2Fashion (WTO data), 2024 24.6 billion pairs: global footwear production in 2025 World Footwear (APICCAPS), 2026 50% US… ## Relationship cards - [Textiles and leather](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-textiles-and-leather/): Garments and shoes are cut and sewn from fabric and leather, so the textile mills are the apparel industry's main supplier: about ₹34 of every ₹100 of Indian apparel output goes to textiles and leather, and both sides share the same export markets, US tariff risk and government schemes. *(researched)* - [E-commerce and digital marketplaces](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-e-commerce-and-digital-marketplaces/): Apparel and footwear buys from E-commerce and digital marketplaces; E-commerce and digital marketplaces buys from Apparel and footwear; apparel and footwear depends on E-commerce and digital marketplaces; E-commerce and digital marketplaces depends on apparel and footwear. - [Wholesale and retail trade](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-wholesale-and-retail-trade/): Apparel and footwear buys from Wholesale and retail trade; wholesale and retail trade buys from Apparel and footwear; apparel and footwear depends on wholesale and retail trade; wholesale and retail trade depends on apparel and footwear. - [Machinery and equipment](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Apparel and footwear buys from Machinery and equipment; apparel and footwear depends on machinery and equipment. - [Media and entertainment](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-media-and-entertainment/): Apparel and footwear buys from Media and entertainment; apparel and footwear depends on media and entertainment. - [Paper and packaging](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-paper-and-packaging/): Apparel and footwear buys from Paper and packaging; apparel and footwear depends on paper and packaging. - [Plastic and rubber products](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-plastic-and-rubber-products/): Apparel and footwear buys from Plastic and rubber products; apparel and footwear depends on plastic and rubber products. - [Real estate](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-real-estate/): Apparel and footwear buys from Real estate; apparel and footwear depends on real estate. - [Software and IT services](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-software-and-it-services/): Apparel and footwear buys from Software and IT services; apparel and footwear depends on software and IT services. - [Transport and logistics](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-transport-and-logistics/): Apparel and footwear buys from Transport and logistics; apparel and footwear depends on transport and logistics. - [Waste and recycling](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-waste-and-recycling/): Apparel and footwear buys from Waste and recycling; apparel and footwear depends on waste and recycling. - [Water and sanitation](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-water-and-sanitation/): Apparel and footwear buys from Water and sanitation; apparel and footwear depends on water and sanitation. - [Adhesives and sealants](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/adhesives-and-sealants-and-apparel-and-footwear/): Apparel and footwear depends on adhesives and sealants. - [Aluminium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aluminium-and-apparel-and-footwear/): Apparel and footwear depends on aluminium. - [Aviation propulsion](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-aviation-propulsion/): Apparel and footwear depends on aviation propulsion. - [Beef](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-beef/): Apparel and footwear depends on beef. - [Boilers, furnaces and stoves](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-boilers-furnaces-and-stoves/): Apparel and footwear depends on boilers, furnaces and stoves. - [Copper](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-copper/): Apparel and footwear depends on copper. - [Cotton](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-cotton/): Apparel and footwear depends on cotton. - [Distribution grids, mini-grids and interconnectors](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-distribution-grids-mini-grids-and-interconnectors/): Apparel and footwear depends on distribution grids, mini-grids and interconnectors. - [Energy in buildings](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-energy-in-buildings/): Apparel and footwear depends on energy in buildings. - [Hydrogen peroxide](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-hydrogen-peroxide/): Apparel and footwear depends on hydrogen peroxide. - [Industrial enzymes](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-industrial-enzymes/): Apparel and footwear depends on industrial enzymes. - [Internal combustion engines and gensets](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-internal-combustion-engines-and-gensets/): Apparel and footwear depends on internal combustion engines and gensets. - [Natural rubber](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-natural-rubber/): Apparel and footwear depends on natural rubber. - [Nylon (PA6, PA66)](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-nylon-pa6-pa66/): Apparel and footwear depends on nylon (PA6, PA66). - [Organic pigments](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-organic-pigments/): Apparel and footwear depends on organic pigments. - [Polyester fibre](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-polyester-fibre/): Apparel and footwear depends on polyester fibre. - [Polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE)](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-polyethylene-ldpe-lldpe/): Apparel and footwear depends on polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE). - [Polyurethanes (MDI, TDI, polyols)](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-polyurethanes-mdi-tdi-polyols/): Apparel and footwear depends on polyurethanes (MDI, TDI, polyols). - [Ship propulsion](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-ship-propulsion/): Apparel and footwear depends on ship propulsion. - [Steel](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-steel/): Apparel and footwear depends on steel. - [Styrene-butadiene rubber](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-styrene-butadiene-rubber/): Apparel and footwear depends on styrene-butadiene rubber. - [Surfactants](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-surfactants/): Apparel and footwear depends on surfactants. - [Viscose fibre](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-viscose-fibre/): Apparel and footwear depends on viscose fibre. - [Water](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-water/): Apparel and footwear depends on water. - [Zinc](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-zinc/): Apparel and footwear depends on zinc. ## Other sections - [Where ₹100 goes](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/cost-mix/index.md) - [Price links with suppliers](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/price-links/index.md) - [Example story](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/story/index.md) - [Linked industries](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/linked-industries/index.md) - [Value chain](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/value-chain/index.md) - [Materials drawn on](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/materials/index.md) - [Chokepoints and risks](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/risks/index.md) - [Sources](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/apparel/sources/index.md)