# Machinery and equipment Stratum 2 · Assembled goods Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/ Stratum 2 · Assembled goods ## Machinery and equipment Builds the machines that make, move and dig: machine tools, construction and mining equipment, tractors, pumps, compressors and process plant. VDMA estimated world machinery turnover at about EUR 3.3 trillion in 2023, a third of it in China^[3](https://www.dsgv.de/content/dam/dsgv-de/sparkassen-finanzgruppe/branchenservice/2025/610214504_Maschinenbau.pdf); in 2024 China's EUR 1.13 trillion exceeded the US, Germany and Japan combined (EUR 1.03 trillion, calculated)^[1](https://www.produktion.de/wirtschaft/maschinenbau-die-10-wichtigsten-laender-nach-umsatz/1917525).^[3](https://www.dsgv.de/content/dam/dsgv-de/sparkassen-finanzgruppe/branchenservice/2025/610214504_Maschinenbau.pdf) **India.** India ranked ninth with about EUR 55 billion of machinery turnover in 2024, about a twentieth of China's (calculated)^[1](https://www.produktion.de/wirtschaft/maschinenbau-die-10-wichtigsten-laender-nach-umsatz/1917525); tractors, construction equipment and pumps are strong, but high-end CNC controls, precision bearings and hydraulics are still largely imported. Depends on 3 of 35 industries · 2 directly Relied on by 21 industries, directly or indirectly Enterprise types 11 in 6 stages Chokepoints 0 rated 5 of 5 Size about EUR 3.3 trillion world machinery turnover (VDMA estimate) 2023 ## [Where ₹100 of machinery and equipment output goes](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/cost-mix/) Where ₹100 of machinery and equipment output goes Every rupee of sales is paid out to someone along the chain. This splits ₹100 of output by who finally receives it, so you can see how exposed the industry is to commodity, chemical and energy prices. Commodities ₹16.9 Chemicals ₹0.7 Energy ₹10.1… ## [Price links with supplier industries](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/price-links/) Price links with supplier industries How the industries this one buys from shape its prices: the share of its costs they make up, and how their prices have moved together. Tap a row for the charts. Hover or tap ? for what each measure means. Supplier industry Cost share Raw-material mix… ## [Follow one offering through the chain](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/story/) Follow one offering through the chain 2 Example story · 6 steps · India A Mahindra tractor for an Indian farm Follow a tractor from foundry sand to a farmer's loan. 1 / 6 · Materials and castings Iron castings from India's foundry clusters 15.16 Mt Indian castings output, 2023-24 A tractor's… ## [Buys directly from](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/linked-industries/) Buys directly from Metal products Electrical equipment Depends on through its suppliers Plastic and rubber products Sells directly into Construction and infrastructure Vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft Semiconductors Medical devices ## [Value chain, from upstream to the customer](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/value-chain/) Value chain, from upstream to the customer Criticality to the chain: 5 · Chokepoint 4 · Critical 3 · Important 2 · Supporting 1 · Commodity service Stage 1 Materials and castings Foundries, forging shops and special-steel mills 3 · Important Supply cast iron housings, forged shafts and gears, and… ## [What the whole chain draws on](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/materials/) What the whole chain draws on Every commodity, chemical and energy tile named by the enterprises above; ×n shows how many of them depend on it. Open any tile for its full detail. Commodities (14) St Steel ×8 Cr Chromium ×2 W Tungsten ×2 Cu Copper ×2 REE Rare earths Abr Abrasives Fe Iron ore Mo… ## [Chokepoints and risks](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/risks/) Chokepoints and risks China produced about EUR 1.13 trillion of machinery in 2024, more than the US, Germany and Japan combined, putting price pressure on everyone else 1 . China made 94% of sintered rare-earth magnets in 2024 and has required export licences since April 2025, with wider controls… ## [Sources](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/sources/) Sources Maschinenbau: die 10 wichtigsten Lander nach Umsatz (data from VDMA, Eurostat, national statistics offices, UNIDO and CMIF) Produktion, 2025 Rare Earth Elements: executive summary International Energy Agency, 2026 Branchenreport 2024 Maschinenbau (citing VDMA estimates of world machinery… ## Relationship cards - [Metal products](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-metal-products/): Machines are built from castings, forgings and fabricated parts, about ₹8 of every ₹100 of machinery output, and the foundries and forge shops that make them in turn buy machine tools; prices of the two move closely over a year. *(researched)* - [Semiconductors](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-semiconductors/): Chipmaking depends on a few makers of fab tools, and those tools are now a target of export controls; in the other direction, machines from CNC lathes to pumps need power and control chips, so each industry is a supplier to the other. *(researched)* - [Steel](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-steel/): Machinery relies heavily on steel, from tractor chassis to bearings and motor laminations, and took about 16% of the world's steel in 2019, so steel prices and India's steel import duties feed straight into machinery makers' costs and margins. *(researched)* - [Computers and electronics](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/computers-and-electronics-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment buys from Computers and electronics; computers and electronics buys from Machinery and equipment; machinery and equipment depends on computers and electronics; computers and electronics depends on machinery and equipment. - [Plastic and rubber products](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-plastic-and-rubber-products/): Machinery and equipment buys from Plastic and rubber products; plastic and rubber products buys from Machinery and equipment; plastic and rubber products depends on machinery and equipment; machinery and equipment depends on plastic and rubber products. - [Transport and logistics](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-transport-and-logistics/): Transport and logistics buys from Machinery and equipment; machinery and equipment buys from Transport and logistics; machinery and equipment depends on transport and logistics; transport and logistics depends on machinery and equipment. - [Aerospace and defence](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aerospace-and-defence-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Aerospace and defence buys from Machinery and equipment; aerospace and defence depends on machinery and equipment. - [Apparel and footwear](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/apparel-and-footwear-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Apparel and footwear buys from Machinery and equipment; apparel and footwear depends on machinery and equipment. - [Building materials](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/building-materials-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Building materials buys from Machinery and equipment; building materials depends on machinery and equipment. - [Construction and infrastructure](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/construction-and-infrastructure-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Construction and infrastructure buys from Machinery and equipment; construction and infrastructure depends on machinery and equipment. - [Data centres and cloud](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/data-centres-and-cloud-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Data centres and cloud buys from Machinery and equipment; data centres and cloud depends on machinery and equipment. - [E-commerce and digital marketplaces](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/e-commerce-and-digital-marketplaces-and-machinery-and-equipment/): E-commerce and digital marketplaces buys from Machinery and equipment; E-commerce and digital marketplaces depends on machinery and equipment. - [Education and research](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/education-and-research-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Education and research buys from Machinery and equipment; education and research depends on machinery and equipment. - [Electrical equipment](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/electrical-equipment-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment buys from Electrical equipment; machinery and equipment depends on electrical equipment. - [Finance: banking, insurance, markets](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/finance-banking-insurance-markets-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment buys from Finance: banking, insurance, markets; machinery and equipment depends on finance: banking, insurance, markets. - [Food and beverage processing](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/food-and-beverage-processing-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Food and beverage processing buys from Machinery and equipment; food and beverage processing depends on machinery and equipment. - [Furniture](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/furniture-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Furniture buys from Machinery and equipment; furniture depends on machinery and equipment. - [Household and personal care](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/household-and-personal-care-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Household and personal care buys from Machinery and equipment; household and personal care depends on machinery and equipment. - [Medical devices](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-medical-devices/): Medical devices buys from Machinery and equipment; medical devices depends on machinery and equipment. - [Paper and packaging](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-paper-and-packaging/): Paper and packaging buys from Machinery and equipment; paper and packaging depends on machinery and equipment. - [Pharmaceuticals](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-pharmaceuticals/): Pharmaceuticals buys from Machinery and equipment; pharmaceuticals depends on machinery and equipment. - [Public administration, defence and security](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-public-administration-defence-and-security/): Public administration, defence and security buys from Machinery and equipment; public administration, defence and security depends on machinery and equipment. - [Software and IT services](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-software-and-it-services/): Machinery and equipment buys from Software and IT services; machinery and equipment depends on software and IT services. - [Telecommunications](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-telecommunications/): Telecommunications buys from Machinery and equipment; telecommunications depends on machinery and equipment. - [Textiles and leather](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-textiles-and-leather/): Textiles and leather buys from Machinery and equipment; textiles and leather depends on machinery and equipment. - [Vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-vehicles-ships-rail-aircraft/): Vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft buys from Machinery and equipment; vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft depends on machinery and equipment. - [Waste and recycling](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-waste-and-recycling/): Waste and recycling buys from Machinery and equipment; waste and recycling depends on machinery and equipment. - [Water and sanitation](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-water-and-sanitation/): Water and sanitation buys from Machinery and equipment; water and sanitation depends on machinery and equipment. - [Wood products](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-wood-products/): Wood products buys from Machinery and equipment; wood products depends on machinery and equipment. - [Abrasives](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/abrasives-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on abrasives. - [Aluminium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aluminium-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on aluminium. - [Autocatalysts](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/autocatalysts-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on autocatalysts. - [Chromium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/chromium-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on chromium. - [Coking coal](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/coking-coal-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on coking coal. - [Copper](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/copper-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on copper. - [Crude oil](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/crude-oil-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on crude oil. - [Data centres](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/data-centres-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on data centres. - [EPDM](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/epdm-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on EPDM. - [Electric heating](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/electric-heating-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on electric heating. - [Electric motors and drives](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/electric-motors-and-drives-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on electric motors and drives. - [Energy in farming](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/energy-in-farming-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on energy in farming. - [Energy-intensive industry](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/energy-intensive-industry-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on energy-intensive industry. - [Epoxy resins](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/epoxy-resins-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on epoxy resins. - [Fluoropolymers (PTFE, PVDF)](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/fluoropolymers-ptfe-pvdf-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on fluoropolymers (PTFE, PVDF). - [Heat exchangers and pinch integration](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/heat-exchangers-and-pinch-integration-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on heat exchangers and pinch integration. - [Internal combustion engines and gensets](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/internal-combustion-engines-and-gensets-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on internal combustion engines and gensets. - [Iron ore](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/iron-ore-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on iron ore. - [Lubricant additives](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/lubricant-additives-and-machinery-and-equipment/): Machinery and equipment depends on lubricant additives. - [Manganese](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-manganese/): Machinery and equipment depends on manganese. - [Mechanical power transmission](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-mechanical-power-transmission/): Machinery and equipment depends on mechanical power transmission. - [Molybdenum](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-molybdenum/): Machinery and equipment depends on molybdenum. - [Natural rubber](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-natural-rubber/): Machinery and equipment depends on natural rubber. - [Nickel](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-nickel/): Machinery and equipment depends on nickel. - [Oxygen](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-oxygen/): Machinery and equipment depends on oxygen. - [Paints and coatings](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-paints-and-coatings/): Machinery and equipment depends on paints and coatings. - [Platinum](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-platinum/): Machinery and equipment depends on platinum. - [Rare earths](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-rare-earths/): Machinery and equipment depends on rare earths. - [Silica sand](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-silica-sand/): Machinery and equipment depends on silica sand. - [Transformers and power electronics](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-transformers-and-power-electronics/): Machinery and equipment depends on transformers and power electronics. - [Tungsten](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-tungsten/): Machinery and equipment depends on tungsten. - [Urea](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-urea/): Machinery and equipment depends on urea. ## Other sections - [Where ₹100 goes](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/cost-mix/index.md) - [Price links with suppliers](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/price-links/index.md) - [Example story](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/story/index.md) - [Linked industries](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/linked-industries/index.md) - [Value chain](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/value-chain/index.md) - [Materials drawn on](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/materials/index.md) - [Chokepoints and risks](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/risks/index.md) - [Sources](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/machinery/sources/index.md)