# Metal products Stratum 1 · First transformations Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/ Stratum 1 · First transformations ## Metal products Turns steel, aluminium, copper and other metals into castings, forgings, tubes, structural sections, fasteners, cans and machined parts for construction, vehicles and machinery. No official global revenue figure for fabricated metal products is published, so the scale marker used here is the main input: 1,849 Mt of crude steel made in 2025, about 52% of it in China (worldsteel; share calculated). Fabrication is fragmented into many small and medium firms, while metal supply and machine tools are concentrated.^[1](https://worldsteel.org/media/press-releases/2026/december-2025-crude-steel-production-2025-global-crude-steel-production/) **India.** India is the world's second-largest steel maker (164.9 Mt in 2025, up 10.4%), second-largest castings producer (about 12 Mt a year, around 11% of world output, worth about US$ 23.6 billion in 2024) and second-largest forging producer (about 2.9 Mt a year from 4.8 Mt of capacity, nearly 30% exported). Most of its 4,500 foundries are small, so consolidation, automation and export-grade quality are the opportunity^[1](https://worldsteel.org/media/press-releases/2026/december-2025-crude-steel-production-2025-global-crude-steel-production/)^,^[2](https://themachinemaker.com/show-reports/indias-foundry-industry-to-reach-usd-42-5-bn-by-2029-bharat-foundry-360-insight2025-2047-report/)^,^[3](https://themachinemaker.com/news/aifi-showcases-indias-forging-excellence-on-the-global-stage-at-the-24th-international-forging-congress-in-frankfurt/). Depends on 0 of 35 industries · 0 directly Relied on by 24 industries, directly or indirectly Enterprise types 13 in 6 stages Chokepoints 0 rated 5 of 5 Size proxy only: about 1.85 billion tonnes of crude steel produced, the main input (no official revenue figure for metal products exists) 2025 ## [Where ₹100 of metal products output goes](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/cost-mix/) Where ₹100 of metal products output goes Every rupee of sales is paid out to someone along the chain. This splits ₹100 of output by who finally receives it, so you can see how exposed the industry is to commodity, chemical and energy prices. Commodities ₹22.2 Chemicals ₹0.6 Energy ₹11.8 Wages and… ## [Price links with supplier industries](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/price-links/) Price links with supplier industries How the industries this one buys from shape its prices: the share of its costs they make up, and how their prices have moved together. Tap a row for the charts. Hover or tap ? for what each measure means. Supplier industry Cost share Raw-material mix… ## [Follow one offering through the chain](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/story/) Follow one offering through the chain 1 Example story · 6 steps · India A ductile iron water pipe from Electrosteel Follow molten iron from a blast furnace into a spun, zinc-coated pipe laid for Jal Jeevan Mission. 1 / 6 · Metal supply Iron from the company's own furnace 164.9 Mt India's crude… ## [Value chain, from upstream to the customer](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/value-chain/) Value chain, from upstream to the customer Criticality to the chain: 5 · Chokepoint 4 · Critical 3 · Important 2 · Supporting 1 · Commodity service Stage 1 Metal supply Integrated steel mills and electric-arc mini-mills 3 · Important Make flat, long and special steels from iron ore or scrap and… ## [What the whole chain draws on](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/materials/) What the whole chain draws on Every commodity, chemical and energy tile named by the enterprises above; ×n shows how many of them depend on it. Open any tile for its full detail. Commodities (20) St Steel ×7 Zn Zinc ×5 Ni Nickel ×4 Al Aluminium ×4 Mn Manganese ×2 Cr Chromium ×2 Cu Copper ×2 Mg… ## [Chokepoints and risks](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/risks/) Chokepoints and risks Steel concentration: China made about 961 Mt of the 1,849 Mt of crude steel in 2025, so its exports and trade remedies swing prices worldwide 1 . Alloying elements such as chromium, nickel and molybdenum come from a handful of countries. Fragmentation: about 85% of India's… ## [Sources](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/sources/) Sources December 2025 crude steel production and 2025 global crude steel production totals World Steel Association, 2026 India's foundry industry to reach USD 42.5 bn by 2029: Bharat Foundry 360 Insight 2025-2047 report The Machine Maker (report launched at the Indian Foundry Congress), 2026 AIFI… ## Relationship cards - [Electrical equipment](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/electrical-equipment-and-metal-products/): Transformers, switchgear and motors are largely shaped metal: tanks, cores, enclosures, frames and windings. Metal inputs are the biggest part of their cost, so electrical equipment prices follow metal product prices closely over a year, and India's near-total reliance on imported transformer steel is a constraint on its grid build-out. *(researched)* - [Waste and recycling](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-waste-and-recycling/): Scrap closes the metal loop: mills and foundries melt it, and worn-out metal products become the next supply. India uses about 41 Mt of ferrous scrap a year but imported about 9 Mt in FY25, and its low-carbon steel plans need far more. *(researched)* - [Machinery and equipment](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/machinery-and-equipment-and-metal-products/): Machines are built from castings, forgings and fabricated parts, about ₹8 of every ₹100 of machinery output, and the foundries and forge shops that make them in turn buy machine tools; prices of the two move closely over a year. *(researched)* - [Semiconductors](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-semiconductors/): Metal products buys from Semiconductors; semiconductors buys from Metal products; metal products depends on semiconductors; semiconductors depends on metal products. - [Aerospace and defence](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aerospace-and-defence-and-metal-products/): Aerospace and defence buys from Metal products; aerospace and defence depends on metal products. - [Building materials](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/building-materials-and-metal-products/): Building materials buys from Metal products; building materials depends on metal products. - [Computers and electronics](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/computers-and-electronics-and-metal-products/): Computers and electronics buys from Metal products; computers and electronics depends on metal products. - [Construction and infrastructure](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/construction-and-infrastructure-and-metal-products/): Construction and infrastructure buys from Metal products; construction and infrastructure depends on metal products. - [Finance: banking, insurance, markets](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/finance-banking-insurance-markets-and-metal-products/): Metal products buys from Finance: banking, insurance, markets; metal products depends on finance: banking, insurance, markets. - [Furniture](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/furniture-and-metal-products/): Furniture buys from Metal products; furniture depends on metal products. - [Medical devices](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/medical-devices-and-metal-products/): Medical devices buys from Metal products; medical devices depends on metal products. - [Paper and packaging](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-paper-and-packaging/): Paper and packaging buys from Metal products; paper and packaging depends on metal products. - [Plastic and rubber products](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-plastic-and-rubber-products/): Plastic and rubber products buys from Metal products; plastic and rubber products depends on metal products. - [Professional services](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-professional-services/): Metal products buys from Professional services; metal products depends on professional services. - [Software and IT services](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-software-and-it-services/): Metal products buys from Software and IT services; metal products depends on software and IT services. - [Telecommunications](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-telecommunications/): Telecommunications buys from Metal products; telecommunications depends on metal products. - [Textiles and leather](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-textiles-and-leather/): Textiles and leather buys from Metal products; textiles and leather depends on metal products. - [Transport and logistics](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-transport-and-logistics/): Metal products buys from Transport and logistics; metal products depends on transport and logistics. - [Vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-vehicles-ships-rail-aircraft/): Vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft buys from Metal products; vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft depends on metal products. - [Water and sanitation](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-water-and-sanitation/): Water and sanitation buys from Metal products; water and sanitation depends on metal products. - [AC transmission](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/ac-transmission-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on AC transmission. - [Aluminium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/aluminium-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on aluminium. - [Argon](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/argon-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on argon. - [Carbon dioxide](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/carbon-dioxide-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on carbon dioxide. - [Caustic soda](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/caustic-soda-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on caustic soda. - [Chromium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/chromium-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on chromium. - [Cobalt](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/cobalt-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on cobalt. - [Coking coal](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/coking-coal-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on coking coal. - [Combustion road vehicles](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/combustion-road-vehicles-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on combustion road vehicles. - [Copper](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/copper-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on copper. - [Distribution grids, mini-grids and interconnectors](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/distribution-grids-mini-grids-and-interconnectors-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on distribution grids, mini-grids and interconnectors. - [Electric heating](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/electric-heating-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on electric heating. - [Electric motors and drives](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/electric-motors-and-drives-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on electric motors and drives. - [Energy in buildings](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/energy-in-buildings-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on energy in buildings. - [Energy-intensive industry](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/energy-intensive-industry-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on energy-intensive industry. - [Hydrochloric acid](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/hydrochloric-acid-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on hydrochloric acid. - [Iron ore](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/iron-ore-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on iron ore. - [Kaolin & clays](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/kaolin-and-clays-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on kaolin & clays. - [Lime](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/lime-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on lime. - [Lubricant additives](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/lubricant-additives-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on lubricant additives. - [Magnesium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/magnesium-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on magnesium. - [Manganese](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/manganese-and-metal-products/): Metal products depends on manganese. - [Molybdenum](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-molybdenum/): Metal products depends on molybdenum. - [Natural gas](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-natural-gas/): Metal products depends on natural gas. - [Nickel](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-nickel/): Metal products depends on nickel. - [Nitrogen gas](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-nitrogen-gas/): Metal products depends on nitrogen gas. - [Oxygen](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-oxygen/): Metal products depends on oxygen. - [Paints and coatings](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-paints-and-coatings/): Metal products depends on paints and coatings. - [Phenol and acetone](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-phenol-and-acetone/): Metal products depends on phenol and acetone. - [Polyurethanes (MDI, TDI, polyols)](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-polyurethanes-mdi-tdi-polyols/): Metal products depends on polyurethanes (MDI, TDI, polyols). - [Rare earths](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-rare-earths/): Metal products depends on rare earths. - [Reagents and high-purity lab chemicals](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-reagents-and-high-purity-lab-chemicals/): Metal products depends on reagents and high-purity lab chemicals. - [Silica sand](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-silica-sand/): Metal products depends on silica sand. - [Silicon](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-silicon/): Metal products depends on silicon. - [Steel](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-steel/): Metal products depends on steel. - [Steel plant energy recovery](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-steel-plant-energy-recovery/): Metal products depends on steel plant energy recovery. - [Sulphuric acid](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-sulphuric-acid/): Metal products depends on sulphuric acid. - [Thermal coal](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-thermal-coal/): Metal products depends on thermal coal. - [Tin](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-tin/): Metal products depends on tin. - [Titanium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-titanium/): Metal products depends on titanium. - [Tungsten](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-tungsten/): Metal products depends on tungsten. - [Vanadium](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-vanadium/): Metal products depends on vanadium. - [Zinc](https://www.materialinsights.org/links/metal-products-and-zinc/): Metal products depends on zinc. ## Other sections - [Where ₹100 goes](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/cost-mix/index.md) - [Price links with suppliers](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/price-links/index.md) - [Example story](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/story/index.md) - [Value chain](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/value-chain/index.md) - [Materials drawn on](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/materials/index.md) - [Chokepoints and risks](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/risks/index.md) - [Sources](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/metal_products/sources/index.md)