# Water and sanitation: What the whole chain draws on

Utilities and treatment firms supplying clean water and handling wastewater and sludge

Source page: https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/water_sanitation/materials/

#### What the whole chain draws on

Every commodity, chemical and energy tile named by the enterprises above; ×n shows how many of them depend on it. Open any tile for its full detail.
**Commodities (13)**[St Steel](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/steel/)×4 [H₂O Water](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/water/)×3 [Cem Cement](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/cement/)×3 [CaO Lime](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/lime/)×3 [Cu Copper](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/copper/)×2 [Fe Iron ore](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/iron_ore/)[Zn Zinc](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/zinc/)[Ni Nickel](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/nickel/)[REE Rare earths](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/rare_earths/)[NaCl Salt](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/salt/)[Al Aluminium](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/aluminum/)[Agg Sand & gravel](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/sand_gravel/)[Li Lithium](https://www.materialinsights.org/commodities/lithium/)**Chemicals (16)**[Cl2 Chlorine](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/chlorine/)×3 [WT Water treatment chemicals](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/water_treatment/)×3 [EPX Epoxy resins](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epoxy/)×2 [Amn Specialty amines and ethanolamines](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/specialty_amines/)[PTFE Fluoropolymers (PTFE, PVDF)](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/fluoropolymers/)[PSF Polyester fibre](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/polyester_fibre/)[O2 Oxygen](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/oxygen/)[Rgt Reagents and high-purity lab chemicals](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/lab_reagents/)[PVC PVC](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/pvc/)[HDPE High-density polyethylene](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/hdpe/)[EPDM EPDM](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/epdm/)[NaOH Caustic soda](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/caustic_soda/)[H2SO4 Sulphuric acid](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/sulphuric_acid/)[AC Activated carbon](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/activated_carbon/)[Con Construction chemicals](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/construction_chemicals/)[PC Polycarbonate](https://www.materialinsights.org/chemicals/polycarbonate/)**Energy (12)**[Dist Distribution grids, mini-grids and interconnectors](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_distribution/)×5 [Mot Electric motors and drives](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_motors/)×4 [ICE Internal combustion engines and gensets](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_engines/)×2 [H2O Water cycle](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_hydro/)[NR Natural reservoirs](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_natural_stores/)[CBG Biogas and biomethane](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/biomethane/)[Bld Energy in buildings](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_buildings/)[Kc Coking coal](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/coking_coal/)[Blr Boilers, furnaces and stoves](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_combustion_heat/)[PE Transformers and power electronics](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_power_electronics/)[ICV Combustion road vehicles](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_road_ice/)[Zn Other and primary batteries](https://www.materialinsights.org/energy/e_other_batt/)

## Other sections

- [Overview](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/water_sanitation/index.md)
- [Where ₹100 goes](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/water_sanitation/cost-mix/index.md)
- [Price links with suppliers](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/water_sanitation/price-links/index.md)
- [Example story](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/water_sanitation/story/index.md)
- [Value chain](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/water_sanitation/value-chain/index.md)
- [Chokepoints and risks](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/water_sanitation/risks/index.md)
- [Sources](https://www.materialinsights.org/industries/water_sanitation/sources/index.md)