What this tab covers How it is regulated and what could disrupt supply: hazard classification, rules in the EU, US and India, anti-dumping duties and other trade measures, and supply-risk notes.
Severe burns, NOx release and fire risk with organic materials. Downstream AN is an explosion risk if stored badly.
Main rules
Where
Rule
Effect
EU
EU ETS covers N2O from nitric and adipic acid since 2013; product benchmark about 0.302 allowances per t (2013-2020) and about 0.230 (2021-2025) (indicative); REACH; Seveso III for AN
Made abatement standard across EU plants
EU
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism covers fertilisers including nitric acid and AN
Importers pay for embedded emissions from 2026
US
EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (Subpart V, nitric acid); NSPS for NOx
Reporting of N2O; no federal price on it
International
Nitric Acid Climate Action Group (NACAG); 14 countries signed the declaration
Funds abatement in developing countries
India
Rule
Effect
MSIHC Rules 1989
Nitric acid is a listed hazardous chemical; site safety reports and emergency plans
Ammonium Nitrate Rules 2012 (PESO)
Licensing of AN manufacture, storage and transport; tightened after the 2020 Beirut explosion
Indian carbon market (Carbon Credit Trading Scheme, 2023)
Could cover N2O abatement as an offset or compliance sector (indicative)
Trade measures
EU CBAM on fertilisers from 2026
No anti-dumping measures on nitric acid found
Supply risk
Supply depends on ammonia, which depends on gas and, in 2026, on Gulf shipping. Acid itself is not on critical lists, but AN is a strategic material for mining and defence.