Coal mining: Relationships

Every element and industry that Coal mining is linked to, and how. Each pair has its own card explaining the relationships between the two.

• Thermal coal: Thermal coal is what most coal mines sell, so mine output and power station demand move together. In India the link runs through Coal India, which mined about 74% of the country's coal in 2024-25 and sells most of it to power plants on long contracts at prices set at home rather than by the seaborne market. (researched)
• Coking coal: Coking coal is the premium product of coal mining, dug from specific seams and washed to steelmaking grade; India mines about 67 Mt but its coal is high in ash, so it imports about 90% of its metallurgical coal and is pushing to reach 140 Mt of domestic output by 2030. (researched)
• Coal transport: Energy flows from coal mining to coal transport; their prices have moved together.
• Ammonium nitrate: Their prices have moved together.
• Energy in farming: Their prices have moved together.
• Explosives and propellants: Their prices have moved together.
• Flare and off-gas recovery: Energy flows from coal mining to flare and off-gas recovery.
• Natural gas: Their prices have moved together.
• Steam turbines and thermal power plants: Energy flows from coal mining to steam turbines and thermal power plants.