Real estate: Chokepoints and risks

Developers, landlords and managers of homes, offices, warehouses and shops

Interest-rate rises cut both mortgage demand and the value of rented property, as the 2022-24 global downturn showed.
Approval delays and title disputes stall Indian projects; RERA has reduced but not removed delivery risk.
Developer leverage and pre-sale funding mean a sales slowdown can quickly turn into stalled projects, as after the 2018 NBFC crisis.
Office demand depends heavily on IT firms and global capability centres, so tech hiring cycles drive vacancy.
Land and approvals are local, so city-level oversupply can hit even strong national brands.