Wholesale and retail trade: Chokepoints and risks

Distributors, warehouses and stores moving finished goods from factories to households

Payments concentration: UPI runs through one operator (NPCI) and carried about 241.6 billion transactions in 2025-26, so an outage halts Indian checkouts⁴.
Logistics costs at 7.97% of Indian GDP in 2023-24 squeeze thin retail margins when fuel or freight rates rise⁵.
Channel shift: ecommerce was forecast at about 20.5% of worldwide retail sales in 2025, pressuring store economics³.
Cold-chain gaps and refrigerant phase-downs raise costs and spoilage for fresh and frozen ranges.
Scale concentration: Walmart alone took US$ 648 billion in retail revenue in FY2023, giving the largest chains strong pricing power over suppliers¹.