What this tab covers How it is regulated and what could disrupt supply: hazard classification, rules in the EU, US and India, anti-dumping duties and other trade measures, and supply-risk notes.
Can detonate when contaminated, confined or heated in large stockpiles (Toulouse 2001, West Texas 2013, Beirut 2020). Used in improvised explosives, so sales are controlled.
Main rules
Where
Rule
Effect
EU
Explosives Precursors Regulation (EU) 2019/1148 (AN with 16% N or more restricted for the public); REACH Annex XVII detonation-resistance test for high-N AN fertilisers; Seveso III thresholds
limits who can buy and store AN
EU
CBAM covers fertilisers from 2026; tariffs on Russian and Belarusian fertilisers from July 2025
raises cost of imports, especially Russian AN
US
OSHA and EPA storage rules; DHS chemical security programme authority lapsed in 2023 (indicative)
patchy federal security oversight
India
Rule
Effect
Ammonium Nitrate Rules 2012 under the Explosives Act 1884, administered by PESO
licences for manufacture, import, storage and transport of substances with more than 45% AN
Post-Beirut storage audits and port restrictions (2020, indicative)
tighter handling at Chennai and other ports
Fertiliser (Control) Order specifies CAN and AN fertiliser grades (indicative)
quality standards for farm use
Trade measures
EU tariffs on Russian and Belarusian fertilisers (from July 2025)
EU CBAM on fertilisers (2026)
Egypt 10% export duty on nitrogen fertilisers (2026, CRU)
Supply risk
Moderate: Russia is about 37% of exports and under sanctions pressure; technical AN supply to Indian coal mines depended on imports until new plants started in 2024-2026.