Dyes: Movement
Why light, valuable dyes travel to over 90 countries
What this tab covers How it moves between countries: share of output traded, physical form and transport, the largest exporters and importers, main routes, India's trade, and handling rules in transit.Trade in 2024 UN Comtrade, HS 320411
World exports $906.2 m 83 reporting exporters · about 143k t Largest exporter China 48.5% of world exports Largest importer Indonesia 13.6% of world imports India imports $19.8 mexports $82.5 m #15 importer · #2 exporter
Where it is exported from and imported to, 2024
Chart: World map of the largest trade flows
Exporter (size = share of world exports) Importer (share of world imports) Shipping chokepoint UN Comtrade 2024, HS 320411: shares of reported world exports and imports by value. Country-to-country route lines are not available for this commodity yet. Hover a circle for values.HS 320411: largest exporters
| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | 48.5% | $439.9 m | 94k |
| India | 9.1% | $82.5 m | 17k |
| Germany | 6.2% | $56.3 m | 2,051 |
| Indonesia | 5.7% | $51.3 m | 5,577 |
| South Korea | 5.1% | $46.3 m | 4,964 |
| Singapore | 4.7% | $42.1 m | 2,247 |
| Japan | 4.3% | $38.8 m | 1,848 |
| United States | 2.3% | $21.3 m | 1,664 |
HS 320411: largest importers
| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesia | 13.6% | $108.1 m | 19k |
| Türkiye | 7.8% | $62.2 m | 13k |
| South Korea | 6.7% | $53.1 m | 11k |
| China | 5.8% | $46.0 m | 2,969 |
| United States | 5.5% | $43.8 m | 2,289 |
| Germany | 5.1% | $40.7 m | 2,495 |
| Japan | 4.9% | $38.6 m | 2,860 |
| Pakistan | 4.2% | $33.2 m | 10k |
HS 320416: largest exporters
| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| India | 43% | $602.5 m | 161k |
| China | 14.3% | $200.0 m | 40k |
| South Korea | 13.6% | $191.2 m | 40k |
| Thailand | 6.7% | $94.3 m | 9,771 |
| Singapore | 6.6% | $92.3 m | – |
| Türkiye | 3.1% | $42.9 m | 7,562 |
| Germany | 3% | $41.7 m | 3,357 |
| Switzerland | 2.1% | $29.6 m | 2,950 |
HS 320416: largest importers
| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Türkiye | 18.4% | $184.5 m | 42k |
| China | 9.4% | $94.5 m | 10k |
| Indonesia | 6.5% | $65.0 m | 14k |
| Singapore | 6.3% | $63.4 m | – |
| Pakistan | 5.9% | $59.6 m | 17k |
| Brazil | 5% | $50.2 m | 10k |
| South Korea | 4% | $39.8 m | 8,290 |
| Germany | 3.7% | $36.9 m | 4,243 |
How it moves
| Measure | Figure | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Share traded | high, probably 30-40% of output (indicative); export values cannot be set against the market estimate directly, because China's about $3.2 billion covers dyes and pigments and India's about $3.5 billion covers dyes, dyestuffs and intermediates | ||
| How it moves | Powders, granules and liquids in bags, drums and IBCs by container; light and high value, so they travel far. | ||
| Routes and chokepoints | China and India to Bangladesh, Vietnam, Turkey, Pakistan, Indonesia and Europe; Gujarat ports (Mundra, Nhava Sheva) for Indian exports. | ||
| India | India exports to over 90 countries; exports about $3.5 billion in FY2023-24 (Indian Chemical News); detailed HS. HS 320411: India imported $20 million (2.5% of world imports, rank 15) and exported $83 million (9.1% of world exports, rank 2); HS 320416: India imported $33 million (3.3% of world imports, rank 9) and exported $603 million (43.0% of world exports, rank 1) (UN Comtrade 2024). | ||
| Handling in transit | Most dyes are not dangerous goods; some are UN3077 environmentally hazardous solids; reducing agents such as sodium hydrosulphite are class 4.2 self-heating (indicative). |