How Europe's bans reshaped the fungicide trade What this tab covers How it is regulated and what could disrupt supply: hazard classification, rules in the EU, US and India, anti-dumping duties and other trade measures, and supply-risk notes.
Hazards
Classification
UN number
Key risks
varies; mancozeb: skin sensitiser, reproductive toxicity cat 1B (EU), aquatic acute 1; triazoles: reproductive toxicity for some
UN3077 for most solids
Ethylene thiourea (ETU) from mancozeb; endocrine effects of some triazoles; copper accumulation in soils.
Main rules
Where
Rule
Effect
EU
Regulation 1107/2009 hazard cut-offs; mancozeb non-renewal (2020); copper limit 28 kg/ha over 7 years (Reg. 2018/1981)
removes multisites and caps copper use
EU
Proposed universal PFAS restriction (ECHA)
fluorinated fungicides are currently outside the REACH restriction but face scrutiny for TFA formation (indicative)
US
FIFRA registration; EPA reviews of mancozeb and chlorothalonil
label restrictions
India
Rule
Effect
Insecticides Act 1968; CIBRC registration
covers fungicides
MSIHC Rules 1989 for plant safety; state pollution board consent for effluent (indicative)
operating permits
Trade measures
US tariff changes in 2025 on Chinese and Indian goods (ICRA via Alchempro, 2025, indicative)
Supply risk
Moderate: mancozeb supply is concentrated in India and Latin America; SDHI and triazole intermediates in China. Manganese and copper prices feed through.