Gold: Production
Why no country dominates gold mining
What this tab covers Who produces it and how much: world output over recent years, the top producing countries with their shares, USGS world figures for 2024 and 2025, and the largest producing companies globally and in India.Gold mining is widely spread. The 2024 HHI of 489 is far below 1,500, so supply is unconcentrated. China led with 11.3% of 2024 output, followed by Russia (9.9%), Australia (8.5%), Canada (5.6%), the US (4.9%) and Ghana (4.5%). World output rose only about 4% between 2020 and 2024 in World Mining Data, to about 3,331 tons; USGS gives 3,280 tons for 2024 and 3,300 for 2025. Shares can shift a lot over decades. South Africa mined almost 60% of world gold in 1975 but only 26% by 1990, as deep mines aged and Nevada and Western Australia boomed (Humphreys, pdf p. 40).
Gold · WMD
2020 3.20 m 2021 3.22 m 2022 3.30 m 2023 3.27 m 2024 3.33 m World production, kg (World Mining Data 2026).Top producers 2024
China 11.3% Russia 9.9% Australia 8.5% Canada 5.6% United States 4.9% Ghana 4.5% Uzbekistan 3.9% Kazakhstan 3.9% Concentration: HHI 489, unconcentrated.USGS estimate
World, 2024 3,280 metric tons, Au content (mine) World, 2025e 3,300 metric tons, Au content (mine)Largest producers by company, global
- Newmont: 5.889 Moz attributable gold (2025)
- Agnico Eagle Mines: 3.45 Moz gold (2025)
- Barrick Mining: 3.26 Moz attributable gold (2025)
- Zijin Mining: 90 t mined gold (2025)
- Polyus: 2.529 Moz gold (2025)
- Gold Fields: 2.44 Moz attributable gold-equivalent (2025)
Largest producers by company, India
- Hutti Gold Mines Company (Karnataka govt): 1,302 kg gold (India primary gold output, almost all from Hutti) (FY2026)
- MMTC-PAMP India: 80 t gold refined (more than) (FY2026)
- Reserve Bank of India: 881 t gold held (about 680 t in India) (end-March 2026)