Thorium: Production
Why thorium output simply follows rare-earth mining
What this tab covers Who produces it and how much: world output over recent years, the top producing countries with their shares, USGS world figures for 2024 and 2025, and the largest producing companies globally and in India.USGS gives no world production table for thorium, only noting that output follows monazite recovery for rare earths. China is the leading importer of monazite, mainly from Nigeria, Madagascar, Thailand and Indonesia. Only a small fraction of the thorium in that monazite is recovered and used. In the United States, monazite may be produced in mineral sands, but no plant separates thorium. US thorium compound imports came from France (51%) and India (47%) in 2021-24. No HHI can be computed.
No global production series is published for this commodity in the datasets used.
Largest producers by company, global
Company volumes are not published on a comparable basis.
Largest producers by company, India
- IREL (India) Ltd: 4,100 t monazite a year (capacity from three leases; reported domestic production around 4,100 t) (2023)
- BHAVINI (Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam): 500 MWe (first criticality 6 Apr 2026) (2026)
- Kerala Minerals and Metals (KMML), Chavara: 240 t/yr monazite separation capacity (2022)