Energy in buildings: Overview
Where a home's energy goes, from the hob to the phone
Where a home's energy goes, from the hob to the phone What this tile covers Cooking, water heating, cooling and appliances in homes and offices. Share of use 30% share of final energy use (2021)Share of world total final energy consumption (about 435 EJ, calculated: motor systems 13,462 TWh are 53% of electricity, so about 25,400 TWh or 91 EJ, and electricity is about 21% of final energy) that passes through this device or is used by this sector, latest year available. Electricity-based devices use electricity's 21% share of final energy (IEA WEO 2025). Overlaps between devices and sectors are allowed and noted. Operation of buildings was 30% of world final energy consumption in 2021. Overlaps heating, cooling, lighting and motor tiles. Source: IEA Tracking Report: Buildings (via Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction), International Energy Agency / GlobalABC.
Key facts
| Chain | Electrical → magnetic → eddy currents in pan → heat (induction cooktop) |
Included from the reference tables
- Gas and induction cooking
- Solar water heater and electric geyser
- Fans and pumps
- Rooftop solar and inverters
- Home inverter / UPS
- Phones and laptops
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More on this tile in the tabs above: science and limits, value chain, unit economics, engineering methods, equipment and suppliers.