Public administration, defence and security: Chokepoints and risks

Governments raising taxes to fund law, defence, regulation and public services

Military spending has risen for 11 straight years to US$ 2,887 billion, crowding other budgets as geopolitical tension persists¹.
India depends on imports for many key weapons systems and on a few global suppliers of engines, titanium and rare earth magnets.
Single national digital systems (identity, payments, tax) concentrate cyber and outage risk.
Procurement delays and cost overruns on large defence and infrastructure contracts slow delivery of capital spending.
High public debt: global public debt was just under 94% of GDP in 2025 and the IMF projects 100% by 2029 (forecast), raising interest costs and limiting room for capital spending⁴.