Custom synthesis (CDMO): Movement
Why almost everything a CDMO makes leaves the country
What this tab covers How it moves between countries: share of output traded, physical form and transport, the largest exporters and importers, main routes, India's trade, and handling rules in transit.| Measure | Figure | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Share traded | high: most CDMO output is exported to the customer's formulation sites | ||
| How it moves | APIs and intermediates in drums by air or sea; biologics frozen or cold chain | ||
| Routes and chokepoints | India and China to US and EU; Switzerland to global. No dedicated HS code (output falls under HS 29 and 30). | ||
| India | CDMO exports are within India's bulk drug and pharma exports; no separate official figure. | ||
| Handling in transit | Product-specific. |