Hydrofluoric acid: Relationships

Every element and industry that Hydrofluoric acid is linked to, and how. Each pair has its own card explaining the relationships between the two.

Sulphuric acid: Hydrogen fluoride is made by heating acid-grade fluorspar with sulphuric acid, about 2.45 t of acid per tonne of HF in theory, leaving about 3.6 t of anhydrite. Fluorspar, 60% of it mined in China in 2025, is the scarce and dearer input; sulphuric acid is the bulk reagent, whose cost rose with the 2025 to 2026 sulphur spike. (researched)
Semiconductors: Ultra-high-purity hydrofluoric acid is used to clean wafers and etch oxide layers in every fab, and its supply runs from mostly Chinese fluorspar through a few mainly Japanese purifiers; Japan's 2019 curbs on Korea showed how a cheap chemical can become a lever over chipmaking. (researched)
Aluminium: Their prices have moved together.
Electronic specialty gases: Their prices have moved together.
Fluorochemicals and refrigerants: Their prices have moved together.
Fluorspar: Fluorspar is a raw material for hydrofluoric acid.
Heat pumps, air conditioning and refrigeration: Their prices have moved together.
Nuclear fission reactors: Their prices have moved together.
Sulfur: Sulfur is a raw material for hydrofluoric acid.
Uranium: Their prices have moved together.