Material Insights · Understanding the Material World

Peptides and oligonucleotides: Movement

Why peptide powders fly cold between continents

What this tab covers How it moves between countries: share of output traded, physical form and transport, the largest exporters and importers, main routes, India's trade, and handling rules in transit.

Trade in 2024 UN Comtrade, HS 293790

World exports $301.5 m 49 reporting exporters · about 460 t Largest exporter Ireland 26.4% of world exports Largest importer United States 38.1% of world imports India imports $72.5 m
exports $50.0 m #3 importer · #2 exporter

Where it is exported from and imported to, 2024

Chart: World map of the largest trade flows

Exporter (size = share of world exports) Importer (share of world imports) Shipping chokepoint UN Comtrade 2024, HS 293790: shares of reported world exports and imports by value. Country-to-country route lines are not available for this commodity yet. Hover a circle for values.

HS 293790: largest exporters

CountryShareValue (US$)Tonnes
Ireland26.4%$79.6 m34.6
India16.6%$50.0 m102
Germany15.9%$48.0 m3.71
Italy8.9%$26.9 m20.3
China8.1%$24.5 m184
United States6.6%$19.8 m32.9
Denmark5.3%$16.1 m4.82
France4.3%$13.0 m7.52

HS 293790: largest importers

CountryShareValue (US$)Tonnes
United States38.1%$175.6 m254
France16.7%$77.1 m9.11
India15.8%$72.5 m210
China6.8%$31.3 m0.16
Ireland2.3%$10.8 m0.81
Germany1.9%$8.79 m2.15
Egypt1.4%$6.28 m–
Brazil1.3%$5.86 m6.95

HS 293499: largest exporters

CountryShareValue (US$)Tonnes
Ireland26.5%$7.02 bn730
China15.8%$4.19 bn130k
Singapore10.4%$2.74 bn1,486
Switzerland8.8%$2.32 bn7,776
Germany5.8%$1.54 bn38k
Spain5.1%$1.36 bn1,129
United States4.9%$1.31 bn11k
Japan3.9%$1.03 bn13k

HS 293499: largest importers

CountryShareValue (US$)Tonnes
United States24.3%$6.44 bn35k
Germany23.6%$6.27 bn12k
Japan4.5%$1.18 bn13k
Italy4.2%$1.11 bn7,138
Ireland4%$1.07 bn2,998
Brazil3.4%$902.1 m22k
Switzerland3.1%$823.5 m2,195
Canada2.8%$754.6 m3,670
UN Comtrade 2024, reported by each country (exports by exporters, imports by importers), all partners. Some countries (for example Russia and Iran) do not report, so their shares are missing. HS codes can be broader than the tile: check the code before reading a share as the whole market.

How it moves

MeasureFigure
Share tradedhigh: APIs move from Switzerland, China and Denmark to fill-finish sites worldwide
How it movesLyophilised powder in sealed containers, often cold chain, by air
Routes and chokepointsAir freight between Europe, US and Asia. HS 293790 and 293499.
IndiaIndia imports most peptide APIs; generic semaglutide makers rely on own or Chinese API (not confirmed).
Handling in transitGenerally not dangerous goods; temperature control for stability.