What this tab covers How it is regulated and what could disrupt supply: hazard classification, rules in the EU, US and India, anti-dumping duties and other trade measures, and supply-risk notes.
Hazards
Classification
UN number
Key risks
EU harmonised classification as suspected carcinogen by inhalation (powder) was annulled by the EU General Court in 2022 (indicative); generally not classified
not regulated
Fine dust inhalation; sulphate route waste acid and copperas; chlorine handling at chloride plants.
Main rules
Where
Rule
Effect
EU
Definitive anti-dumping duties on Chinese TiO2 (2025); Directive 92/112/EEC on TiO2 industry waste; E171 banned as a food additive (2022)
Protects EU producers; controls acid waste
UK
Trade Remedies Authority investigation opened June 2026; duties up to 63.66% proposed (approx. Oct 2026)
Supports Greatham restart
Brazil and Saudi Arabia
Definitive anti-dumping duties on Chinese TiO2 (2025)
Benefits Tronox, the sole local producer in both
US
Tariffs 5.5% (HS 2823) and 6% (HS 3206.11) (USGS)
Modest protection
India
Rule
Effect
DGTR anti-dumping case on TiO2 from China: duties $460-681/t; first notification quashed by Calcutta High Court (Sep 2025); fresh final findings 3 Aug 2026; re-imposed for five years in October 2026
Raises landed cost 19-28% when in force
Exclusions for food, pharma, cosmetics, textile fibre and nano grades below 100 nm
Users of those grades pay no duty
Atomic Minerals Concession Rules for beach sand minerals (ilmenite, rutile)
Restrict private mining of feedstock (indicative)
Trade measures
EU, Brazil, Saudi Arabia definitive duties (2025)
India duty recommended again Aug 2026
UK investigation (2026)
US tariffs 5.5-6%
Supply risk
Capacity is concentrated in China (61%), and Western closures raise dependence. Titanium is on US, EU and Indian critical mineral lists, mainly for the metal, but feedstock supply for pigment is also concentrated in China, Mozambique and South Africa.