Ultra-pure wet chemicals: Movement
Why each chemical rides in its own dedicated tank
What this tab covers How it moves between countries: share of output traded, physical form and transport, the largest exporters and importers, main routes, India's trade, and handling rules in transit.Trade in 2024 UN Comtrade, HS 280700
World exports $1.28 bn 80 reporting exporters · about 15.8 m t Largest exporter Canada 17.5% of world exports Largest importer Chile 18.1% of world imports India imports $145.8 mexports $36.2 m #4 importer · #12 exporter
Where it is exported from and imported to, 2024
Chart: World map of the largest trade flows
Exporter (size = share of world exports) Importer (share of world imports) Shipping chokepoint UN Comtrade 2024, HS 280700: shares of reported world exports and imports by value. Country-to-country route lines are not available for this commodity yet. Hover a circle for values.HS 280700: largest exporters
| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | 17.5% | $222.8 m | 1.75 m |
| Peru | 9.2% | $117.5 m | 1.15 m |
| Germany | 8.7% | $110.6 m | 1.08 m |
| China | 7.2% | $91.7 m | 2.68 m |
| Bulgaria | 5.5% | $70.8 m | 1.13 m |
| Japan | 4.8% | $61.7 m | 3.44 m |
| Belgium | 4.7% | $59.7 m | 583k |
| Zambia | 4.6% | $58.2 m | 479k |
HS 280700: largest importers
| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chile | 18.1% | $492.2 m | 3.61 m |
| Morocco | 17.4% | $471.6 m | 4.06 m |
| United States | 15.7% | $425.7 m | 3.48 m |
| India | 5.4% | $145.8 m | 1.79 m |
| DR Congo | 3.3% | $88.5 m | 531k |
| Kazakhstan | 3.2% | $85.6 m | 592k |
| Türkiye | 3% | $82.5 m | 882k |
| Brazil | 2.9% | $78.4 m | 556k |
HS 281111: largest exporters
| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | 55.7% | $386.8 m | 256k |
| Germany | 13.3% | $92.2 m | 31k |
| Mexico | 10% | $69.3 m | 26k |
| Japan | 6.9% | $47.9 m | 23k |
| United States | 6.8% | $47.2 m | 28k |
| South Korea | 1.8% | $12.7 m | – |
| Singapore | 1.4% | $9.64 m | 3,311 |
| France | 0.9% | $6.49 m | 4,718 |
HS 281111: largest importers
| Country | Share | Value (US$) | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| South Korea | 22.9% | $188.8 m | – |
| United States | 21.1% | $174.1 m | 69k |
| Japan | 15.6% | $128.5 m | 68k |
| France | 8.6% | $71.2 m | 26k |
| China | 3.9% | $32.5 m | 12k |
| Canada | 3.6% | $29.7 m | 7,681 |
| Germany | 2.5% | $20.5 m | 6,735 |
| Netherlands | 2.1% | $17.7 m | 6,631 |
How it moves
| Measure | Figure | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Share traded | moderate: high-purity grades are often made regionally but shipped across Asia, from Japan and Korea to Taiwan, China and Singapore (indicative) | ||
| How it moves | Fluoropolymer-lined drums, totes and ISO tanks dedicated to each product; returned and cleaned between fills; short supply lines preferred to limit contamination | ||
| Routes and chokepoints | Japan and Korea to Taiwan, China and Southeast Asia; US and European suppliers to local fabs. HS 280700 (sulphuric acid) and 281111 (HF) cover electronic grades with commodity grades. | ||
| India | India's electronic-grade imports are not separately identified under HS 280700 and 281111; figures. HS 280700: India imported $146 million (5.4% of world imports, rank 4) and exported $36 million (2.8% of world exports, rank 12); HS 281111: India imported $8 million (1.0% of world imports, rank 16) and exported $2 million (0.3% of world exports, rank 12) (UN Comtrade 2024). | ||
| Handling in transit | Sulphuric acid UN1830, class 8; HF solution UN1790, class 8 (6.1); H2O2 above 40% UN2014, class 5.1 (8); ammonia solution UN2672, class 8; IPA UN1219, class 3. |