Cement: Relationships
Every element and industry that Cement is linked to, and how. Each pair has its own card explaining the relationships between the two.
- Construction chemicals: Construction chemicals and cement are used together: admixtures are dosed into cement-based concrete to cut water and cement, grinding aids go into cement itself, and many tile adhesives and repair mortars are cement-based products. Their makers share the same construction demand, and admixtures are one of the main tools for lowering cement, and so CO2, per cubic metre of concrete. (researched)
- Energy-intensive industry: Cement is one of the core energy-intensive industries: its kilns used about 3.6 GJ of heat per tonne of clinker and its mills about 96 kWh of electricity per tonne of cement worldwide in 2012, so fuel and power are among its largest costs and the main target of efficiency policy. (researched)
- Gypsum: Cement contains about 4 to 5% gypsum, ground in with clinker to control setting, and USGS finds no practical substitute for it; India imported about 35% of the gypsum its cement plants used in FY2022-23, so supply, not price, is the main link. (researched)
- Sand & gravel: Concrete is mostly aggregate held together by cement, roughly 5 to 6 tonnes of aggregate for every tonne of cement, so the two are consumed together and share the construction cycle; in India, river sand rules make aggregate supply a tighter constraint than cement. (researched)
- Steel: Granulated blast furnace slag from ironmaking is ground into GGBS and slag cement to replace clinker, and both materials depend on construction demand; in India, JSW Steel's slag feeds JSW Cement, the largest GGBS maker. (researched)
- Waste-heat power (steam Rankine): Waste-heat power (steam Rankine) needs cement; their prices have moved together.
- Building materials: Building materials depends on cement.
- Construction and infrastructure: Construction and infrastructure depends on cement.
- Crushed stone: Their prices have moved together.
- Data centres and cloud: Data centres and cloud depends on cement.
- Education and research: Education and research depends on cement.
- Electrical equipment: Electrical equipment depends on cement.
- Healthcare services: Healthcare services depends on cement.
- Hospitality and tourism: Hospitality and tourism depends on cement.
- Hydropower dams: Their prices have moved together.
- Kaolin & clays: Their prices have moved together.
- Paints and coatings: Their prices have moved together.
- Professional services: Professional services depends on cement.
- Public administration, defence and security: Public administration, defence and security depends on cement.
- Real estate: Real estate depends on cement.
- Telecommunications: Telecommunications depends on cement.
- Thermal coal: Their prices have moved together.
- Timber: Their prices have moved together.
- Transport and logistics: Transport and logistics depends on cement.
- Waste and recycling: Waste and recycling depends on cement.
- Water and sanitation: Water and sanitation depends on cement.
- Wholesale and retail trade: Wholesale and retail trade depends on cement.