Rare earths: Production
How output jumped 73% while China kept control
What this tab covers Who produces it and how much: world output over recent years, the top producing countries with their shares, USGS world figures for 2024 and 2025, and the largest producing companies globally and in India.World Mining Data puts rare-earth oxide output at 398,008 t in 2024, up 73% from 229,892 t in 2020. China supplied 67.8%, the United States 11.4%, Myanmar 9.9% and Australia 5.1%. An HHI of 4,862 means high concentration. USGS estimates 390,000 t for 2025, with China at 270,000 t. Mining is the less concentrated stage. Separation, metal-making and magnet manufacture are far more centred on China, which is why US output of 8,900 t of compounds and metals in 2025 matters. In the 1990s and 2000s China supplied over 95% of world output (Humphreys, pdf p. 91).
Rare Earths (REO) · WMD
2020 230k 2021 270k 2022 300k 2023 394k 2024 398k World production, tonnes (World Mining Data 2026).Top producers 2024
China 67.8% United States 11.4% Myanmar 9.9% Australia 5.0% Malaysia 1.3% Laos 1.0% Nigeria 1.0% Madagascar 1.0% Concentration: HHI 4,862, highly concentrated.USGS estimate
World, 2024 380,000 metric tons, rare-earth-oxide (REO) equivalent (mine production) World, 2025e 390,000 metric tons, rare-earth-oxide (REO) equivalent (mine production)Largest producers by company, global
- MP Materials: 50,692 t REO in concentrate (NdPr oxide 2,599 t) (2025)
- Lynas Rare Earths: 10,462 t REO produced (NdPr 6,558 t) (FY2025 (to June))
Largest producers by company, India
- IREL (India) Ltd: 450 t neodymium oxide planned (target 900 t by 2030) (FY2026)
- Toyotsu Rare Earths India: 1,000 t rare-earth materials exported (over) (2024)
- Kerala Minerals and Metals (KMML): 240 t monazite separation capacity a year (2021)
- Midwest Advanced Materials: 500 t magnets a year planned (5,000 t by 2030) (2025)