Rubidium: Production
How world mine output fell to zero
What this tab covers Who produces it and how much: world output over recent years, the top producing countries with their shares, USGS world figures for 2024 and 2025, and the largest producing companies globally and in India.USGS reports no rubidium production anywhere in 2025, and known ore production ceased within the past two decades. Namibia stopped in the early 2000s. Zimbabwe's Bikita Mine exhausted its pollucite reserves in 2018, and Australia's Sinclair Mine shipped its last economic pollucite in 2019. Refined compounds are believed to be made in China and Germany from existing stockpiles. An HHI cannot be computed, but refining sits in very few hands. Projects in Namibia and Western Australia are at the feasibility or pilot stage.
No global production series is published for this commodity in the datasets used.
Largest producers by company, global
- Everest Metals (Mount Edon): 7,900 t Rb2O contained in inferred resource (not production) (2025)
- Lepidico (Karibib project): 23,000 t Rb in measured and indicated resource (not production) (2025)
Largest producers by company, India
India has no rubidium production, reserves or refining. Small quantities of compounds are imported for research, electronics and medical uses. Rubidium is not on India's 2023 critical list.