Thermal coal: Production
How output nearly doubled since 2000, led by Asia
What this tab covers Who produces it and how much: world output over recent years, the top producing countries with their shares, USGS world figures for 2024 and 2025, and the largest producing companies globally and in India.World coal output of all ranks hit a record 9,242 million tonnes in 2024 (Energy Institute), almost double the 4,708 of 2000. China mined 52% and India 12%, so an HHI of 2,980 signals high concentration; Indonesia added 9%. World Mining Data counts 7,177 million tonnes of steam coal alone in 2024, up 25% since 2020, with China at 54%, plus 621 million tonnes of lignite. Output dipped from 2013 to 2016 as China closed small mines, then rose again, especially after its 2021 power shortages. Most coal is burned in the country that mines it.
Coal Production - mt · Energy Institute
Chart: World production of Coal Production - mt
World production, million tonnes. Hover for values.Top producers 2024
China 51.7% India 11.7% Indonesia 9.1% United States 5.0% Australia 5.0% Russia 4.6% South Africa 2.5% Kazakhstan 1.2% Concentration: HHI 2,980, highly concentrated.Steam Coal · WMD
2020 5.73 bn 2021 6.11 bn 2022 6.68 bn 2023 6.99 bn 2024 7.18 bn World production, tonnes (World Mining Data 2026).Top producers 2024
China 54.1% India 13.6% Indonesia 11.6% United States 5.2% Australia 4.1% South Africa 3.2% Russia 3.0% Kazakhstan 1.4% Concentration: HHI 3,313, highly concentrated.Lignite · WMD
2020 637.9 m 2021 682.9 m 2022 731.5 m 2023 632.4 m 2024 620.7 m World production, tonnes (World Mining Data 2026).Top producers 2024
Russia 15.9% Germany 14.8% Turkey 12.3% India 7.3% Poland 6.6% Australia 6.5% United States 5.8% Serbia 5.0% Concentration: HHI 874, unconcentrated.Largest producers by company, global
- China Shenhua Energy: 332 Mt commercial coal produced (sales 431 Mt) (2025)
- Glencore: 98 Mt energy (thermal) coal, 100% basis of controlled assets (2025)
Largest producers by company, India
- Coal India: 781 Mt coal (FY2025)
- Singareni Collieries (SCCL): 69.01 Mt coal (FY2025)
- NTPC (captive coal blocks): 34.38 Mt coal from captive mines (FY2025 target 40 Mt; FY2025 actual not found) (FY2024)