Data centres and cloud: Follow one offering through the chain
Server halls and cloud providers renting compute, storage and networks; heavy power users
Follow one offering through the chain
An AI cloud in a Navi Mumbai tower
Follow Yotta's NM1 campus at Panvel from land, capital and power to Nvidia GPUs rented by the hour.
Capital and land at Panvel
$173bnIndia data-centre commitments since 2021A hyperscale campus starts with a developer that can raise equity and debt, secure land near power lines and fibre, and wait years for rent. Yotta built NM1 in the Hiranandani Fortune City park at Panvel, part of a data-centre park planned to scale to 1 GW. Across India, some US$ 173 billion of data-centre investment has been committed since 2021, CBRE estimates.2,1
Constraint Powered land near Mumbai's cable landings is scarce, and Mumbai took 94% of India's new capacity in H1 2026. Cem CementSt SteelFinance: banking, insurance, marketsReal estateTens of megawatts, day and night
52 MWdesign IT load at NM1NM1 is designed for 52 MW of IT load at a power usage effectiveness below 1.5, so running flat out it could draw up to about 78 MW, or some 680 GWh a year (calculated upper bound; real use is lower). Utilities and renewable developers supply that through high-voltage connections and long-term power purchase agreements, without a break.2,3
Constraint The IEA expects world data-centre power use to more than double, from about 415 TWh in 2024 to 945 TWh by 2030. Cu CopperTc Thermal coalPV Solar photovoltaicsHVAC AC transmissionWOn Onshore windElectrical equipmentConstruction and infrastructureTransformers, batteries and chillers
4 yearslongest US transformer lead timesEvery megawatt of IT load needs transformers, switchgear, uninterruptible power supplies with batteries, diesel generators and chillers, from firms such as Schneider Electric, Vertiv and ABB. Yotta specifies redundant power feeds, generator and UPS backup and N+1 or N+2 chillers. Equipment is now a bottleneck: in the US, Wood Mackenzie found, large transformers can take up to four years to arrive.2,4
Constraint US transformer lead times have doubled or tripled since 2019 to as long as four years (Wood Mackenzie), delaying campuses. Cu CopperSt SteelPb LeadLi LithiumHFC Fluorochemicals and refrigerantsElectrical equipmentMachinery and equipmentThousands of Nvidia GPUs
16,000+H100 GPUs in Shakti Cloud, 2026The costliest items are the accelerators. In 2023 Yotta planned a first cluster of 16,384 Nvidia H100 GPUs at NM1; by 2026 Nvidia said Shakti Cloud had more than 16,000 H100s. Nvidia booked US$ 193.7 billion of data-centre revenue in its year to January 2026, and nearly all leading AI chips come from one foundry.5,9,6
Constraint One designer dominates, supply hangs on a single Taiwanese foundry, and US export licences govern advanced chips. Si SiliconCu CopperAu GoldESG Electronic specialty gasesSemiconductorsComputers and electronicsA Tier IV tower of 16 floors
7,000+rack capacity at NM1Yotta operates NM1 itself, running halls that house its own GPUs and rack space leased to banks, telecom firms and other clouds. The building has 820,000 sq ft over 16 floors, room for more than 7,000 racks and Uptime Tier IV certification for fault tolerance. Mumbai, with its subsea cable landings, took 94% of India's new capacity in H1 2026.2,1
Constraint A PUE near 1.5 means up to half a unit of extra power for cooling and losses per unit of IT load (calculated). H₂O WaterWT Water treatment chemicalsHP Heat pumps, air conditioning and refrigerationICE Internal combustion engines and gensetsWater and sanitationReal estateElectrical equipmentGPUs rented by the hour
38,000+GPUs on IndiaAI compute portalFinally the capacity is sold as cloud services. Yotta's Shakti Cloud rents GPU time to start-ups, researchers and government projects, and the IndiaAI Mission, with a ₹10,372 crore outlay, had onboarded more than 38,000 subsidised GPUs from Indian providers by March 2026. Worldwide, Amazon, Microsoft and Google took about 63% (calculated) of cloud infrastructure revenue in Q4 2025.7,8
Constraint Three US clouds take about 63% of cloud revenue; Indian GPU clouds lean on subsidies and imported chips. DC Data centresPV Solar photovoltaicsDist Distribution grids, mini-grids and interconnectorsComputers and electronicsSoftware and IT servicesTelecommunicationsWhat the chain shows
India has the land, demand and capital for AI data centres; firm power, electrical gear and the GPUs themselves are the binding constraints.
Sources
- CBRE H1 2026 report: India data centre capacity hits 1.75 GW, set to cross 2 GW by year-end CXOToday (CBRE data), 2026
- Yotta data centres: NM1 Navi Mumbai Yotta Data Services, 2026
- Energy and AI: executive summary International Energy Agency, 2025
- Data center surge is driving up transformer costs (Wood Mackenzie data) E&E News, 2025
- Yotta Data Services collaborates with NVIDIA to catalyze India's AI transformation Yotta Data Services, 2023
- NVIDIA announces financial results for fourth quarter and fiscal 2026 (Form 8-K exhibit) NVIDIA via US SEC, 2026
- Over 38,000 GPUs onboarded on AI compute portal under IndiaAI Mission (MeitY statement) TelecomTalk, 2026
- GenAI helps drive quarterly cloud revenues to $119 billion as growth rate jumped yet again in Q4 Synergy Research Group (TechInsights), 2026
- Yotta built India's sovereign AI infrastructure with Shakti Cloud (customer story) NVIDIA, 2026