Machinery and equipment

Stratum 2 · Assembled goods

Machinery and equipment

Builds the machines that make, move and dig: machine tools, construction and mining equipment, tractors, pumps, compressors and process plant. VDMA estimated world machinery turnover at about EUR 3.3 trillion in 2023, a third of it in China³; in 2024 China's EUR 1.13 trillion exceeded the US, Germany and Japan combined (EUR 1.03 trillion, calculated)¹.³

India. India ranked ninth with about EUR 55 billion of machinery turnover in 2024, about a twentieth of China's (calculated)¹; tractors, construction equipment and pumps are strong, but high-end CNC controls, precision bearings and hydraulics are still largely imported.

Where ₹100 of machinery and equipment output goes

Where ₹100 of machinery and equipment output goes Every rupee of sales is paid out to someone along the chain. This splits ₹100 of output by who finally receives it, so you can see how exposed the industry is to commodity, chemical and energy prices. Commodities ₹16.9 Chemicals ₹0.7 Energy ₹10.1…

Price links with supplier industries

Price links with supplier industries How the industries this one buys from shape its prices: the share of its costs they make up, and how their prices have moved together. Tap a row for the charts. Hover or tap ? for what each measure means. Supplier industry Cost share Raw-material mix…

Follow one offering through the chain

Follow one offering through the chain 2 Example story · 6 steps · India A Mahindra tractor for an Indian farm Follow a tractor from foundry sand to a farmer's loan. 1 / 6 · Materials and castings Iron castings from India's foundry clusters 15.16 Mt Indian castings output, 2023-24 A tractor's…

Buys directly from

Buys directly from Metal products Electrical equipment Depends on through its suppliers Plastic and rubber products Sells directly into Construction and infrastructure Vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft Semiconductors Medical devices

Value chain, from upstream to the customer

Value chain, from upstream to the customer Criticality to the chain: 5 · Chokepoint 4 · Critical 3 · Important 2 · Supporting 1 · Commodity service Stage 1 Materials and castings Foundries, forging shops and special-steel mills 3 · Important Supply cast iron housings, forged shafts and gears, and…

What the whole chain draws on

What the whole chain draws on Every commodity, chemical and energy tile named by the enterprises above; ×n shows how many of them depend on it. Open any tile for its full detail. Commodities (14) St Steel ×8 Cr Chromium ×2 W Tungsten ×2 Cu Copper ×2 REE Rare earths Abr Abrasives Fe Iron ore Mo…

Chokepoints and risks

Chokepoints and risks China produced about EUR 1.13 trillion of machinery in 2024, more than the US, Germany and Japan combined, putting price pressure on everyone else 1 . China made 94% of sintered rare-earth magnets in 2024 and has required export licences since April 2025, with wider controls…

Sources

Sources Maschinenbau: die 10 wichtigsten Lander nach Umsatz (data from VDMA, Eurostat, national statistics offices, UNIDO and CMIF) Produktion, 2025 Rare Earth Elements: executive summary International Energy Agency, 2026 Branchenreport 2024 Maschinenbau (citing VDMA estimates of world machinery…

Relationship cards

• Metal products: Machines are built from castings, forgings and fabricated parts, about ₹8 of every ₹100 of machinery output, and the foundries and forge shops that make them in turn buy machine tools; prices of the two move closely over a year. (researched)
• Semiconductors: Chipmaking depends on a few makers of fab tools, and those tools are now a target of export controls; in the other direction, machines from CNC lathes to pumps need power and control chips, so each industry is a supplier to the other. (researched)
• Steel: Machinery relies heavily on steel, from tractor chassis to bearings and motor laminations, and took about 16% of the world's steel in 2019, so steel prices and India's steel import duties feed straight into machinery makers' costs and margins. (researched)
• Computers and electronics: Machinery and equipment buys from Computers and electronics; computers and electronics buys from Machinery and equipment; machinery and equipment depends on computers and electronics; computers and electronics depends on machinery and equipment.
• Plastic and rubber products: Machinery and equipment buys from Plastic and rubber products; plastic and rubber products buys from Machinery and equipment; plastic and rubber products depends on machinery and equipment; machinery and equipment depends on plastic and rubber products.
• Transport and logistics: Transport and logistics buys from Machinery and equipment; machinery and equipment buys from Transport and logistics; machinery and equipment depends on transport and logistics; transport and logistics depends on machinery and equipment.
• Aerospace and defence: Aerospace and defence buys from Machinery and equipment; aerospace and defence depends on machinery and equipment.
• Apparel and footwear: Apparel and footwear buys from Machinery and equipment; apparel and footwear depends on machinery and equipment.
• Building materials: Building materials buys from Machinery and equipment; building materials depends on machinery and equipment.
• Construction and infrastructure: Construction and infrastructure buys from Machinery and equipment; construction and infrastructure depends on machinery and equipment.
• Data centres and cloud: Data centres and cloud buys from Machinery and equipment; data centres and cloud depends on machinery and equipment.
• E-commerce and digital marketplaces: E-commerce and digital marketplaces buys from Machinery and equipment; E-commerce and digital marketplaces depends on machinery and equipment.
• Education and research: Education and research buys from Machinery and equipment; education and research depends on machinery and equipment.
• Electrical equipment: Machinery and equipment buys from Electrical equipment; machinery and equipment depends on electrical equipment.
• Finance: banking, insurance, markets: Machinery and equipment buys from Finance: banking, insurance, markets; machinery and equipment depends on finance: banking, insurance, markets.
• Food and beverage processing: Food and beverage processing buys from Machinery and equipment; food and beverage processing depends on machinery and equipment.
• Furniture: Furniture buys from Machinery and equipment; furniture depends on machinery and equipment.
• Household and personal care: Household and personal care buys from Machinery and equipment; household and personal care depends on machinery and equipment.
• Medical devices: Medical devices buys from Machinery and equipment; medical devices depends on machinery and equipment.
• Paper and packaging: Paper and packaging buys from Machinery and equipment; paper and packaging depends on machinery and equipment.
• Pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceuticals buys from Machinery and equipment; pharmaceuticals depends on machinery and equipment.
• Public administration, defence and security: Public administration, defence and security buys from Machinery and equipment; public administration, defence and security depends on machinery and equipment.
• Software and IT services: Machinery and equipment buys from Software and IT services; machinery and equipment depends on software and IT services.
• Telecommunications: Telecommunications buys from Machinery and equipment; telecommunications depends on machinery and equipment.
• Textiles and leather: Textiles and leather buys from Machinery and equipment; textiles and leather depends on machinery and equipment.
• Vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft: Vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft buys from Machinery and equipment; vehicles, ships, rail, aircraft depends on machinery and equipment.
• Waste and recycling: Waste and recycling buys from Machinery and equipment; waste and recycling depends on machinery and equipment.
• Water and sanitation: Water and sanitation buys from Machinery and equipment; water and sanitation depends on machinery and equipment.
• Wood products: Wood products buys from Machinery and equipment; wood products depends on machinery and equipment.
• Abrasives: Machinery and equipment depends on abrasives.
• Aluminium: Machinery and equipment depends on aluminium.
• Autocatalysts: Machinery and equipment depends on autocatalysts.
• Chromium: Machinery and equipment depends on chromium.
• Coking coal: Machinery and equipment depends on coking coal.
• Copper: Machinery and equipment depends on copper.
• Crude oil: Machinery and equipment depends on crude oil.
• Data centres: Machinery and equipment depends on data centres.
• EPDM: Machinery and equipment depends on EPDM.
• Electric heating: Machinery and equipment depends on electric heating.
• Electric motors and drives: Machinery and equipment depends on electric motors and drives.
• Energy in farming: Machinery and equipment depends on energy in farming.
• Energy-intensive industry: Machinery and equipment depends on energy-intensive industry.
• Epoxy resins: Machinery and equipment depends on epoxy resins.
• Fluoropolymers (PTFE, PVDF): Machinery and equipment depends on fluoropolymers (PTFE, PVDF).
• Heat exchangers and pinch integration: Machinery and equipment depends on heat exchangers and pinch integration.
• Internal combustion engines and gensets: Machinery and equipment depends on internal combustion engines and gensets.
• Iron ore: Machinery and equipment depends on iron ore.
• Lubricant additives: Machinery and equipment depends on lubricant additives.
• Manganese: Machinery and equipment depends on manganese.
• Mechanical power transmission: Machinery and equipment depends on mechanical power transmission.
• Molybdenum: Machinery and equipment depends on molybdenum.
• Natural rubber: Machinery and equipment depends on natural rubber.
• Nickel: Machinery and equipment depends on nickel.
• Oxygen: Machinery and equipment depends on oxygen.
• Paints and coatings: Machinery and equipment depends on paints and coatings.
• Platinum: Machinery and equipment depends on platinum.
• Rare earths: Machinery and equipment depends on rare earths.
• Silica sand: Machinery and equipment depends on silica sand.
• Transformers and power electronics: Machinery and equipment depends on transformers and power electronics.
• Tungsten: Machinery and equipment depends on tungsten.
• Urea: Machinery and equipment depends on urea.