Healthcare services

Stratum 6 · Integrated services

Healthcare services

Healthcare services diagnose, treat and care for people through hospitals, clinics, laboratories and pharmacies, paid for by households, insurers and governments. World health spending reached about US$ 10.6 trillion in 2023, around 10% of global GDP (WHO). Out-of-pocket payments still make up more than 40% of health spending in low-income countries.¹

India. India spent 3.37% of GDP on health in 2022-23, of which government spending was only 1.48% of GDP, and households paid 43.4% of the bill out of pocket, up from 39.4% in 2021-22 (National Health Accounts 2022-23)³. The public insurance scheme AB-PMJAY had funded 13.25 crore hospital admissions worth ₹2.03 lakh crore across more than 38,000 empanelled hospitals by September 2026, a large and growing pool of paid demand for private hospitals and diagnostics.

Where ₹100 of healthcare services output goes

Where ₹100 of healthcare services output goes Every rupee of sales is paid out to someone along the chain. This splits ₹100 of output by who finally receives it, so you can see how exposed the industry is to commodity, chemical and energy prices. Commodities ₹2.9 Chemicals ₹0.6 Energy ₹4.3 Wages…

Price links with supplier industries

Price links with supplier industries How the industries this one buys from shape its prices: the share of its costs they make up, and how their prices have moved together. Tap a row for the charts. Hover or tap ? for what each measure means. Supplier industry Cost share Raw-material mix…

Follow one offering through the chain

Follow one offering through the chain 6 Example story · 6 steps · India A cataract operation at Aravind, Madurai Follow one cataract patient from a lens factory in Madurai to a village camp, a busy theatre and restored sight. 1 / 6 · Medical supplies and equipment A lens made down the road US$ 3…

Buys directly from

Buys directly from Pharmaceuticals Medical devices Real estate Software and IT services Finance: banking, insurance, markets Education and research Waste and recycling Food and beverage processing Textiles and leather Depends on through its suppliers Building materials Computers and electronics…

Value chain, from upstream to the customer

Value chain, from upstream to the customer Criticality to the chain: 5 · Chokepoint 4 · Critical 3 · Important 2 · Supporting 1 · Commodity service Stage 1 Medical supplies and equipment Pharmaceutical and consumables distributors 3 · Important Buy medicines, vaccines and disposables from…

What the whole chain draws on

What the whole chain draws on Every commodity, chemical and energy tile named by the enterprises above; ×n shows how many of them depend on it. Open any tile for its full detail. Commodities (11) He Helium ×2 Cu Copper ×2 St Steel ×2 H₂O Water ×2 Nb Niobium REE Rare earths Cem Cement Ri Rice Wh…

Chokepoints and risks

Chokepoints and risks Out-of-pocket payments exceed 40% of health spending in low-income countries and about 2 billion people face financial hardship from health costs 2 . India's government health spending fell to 1.48% of GDP in 2022-23, and the household out-of-pocket share rose back to 43.4%…

Sources

Sources Global Health Expenditure Database 2025 launch presentation (2023 data) World Health Organization (hosted by P4H), 2025 WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the launch of the Global Health Expenditure Report 2024 World Health Organization, 2024 National Health Accounts Estimates for…

Relationship cards

• Medical devices: Hospitals and diagnostic centres are the buyers of medical devices, and about 70% of India's device market is met by imports (2024 assessment); price caps on stents and state support for device parks are the two policy levers on this link. (researched)
• Pharmaceuticals: Medicines took about a fifth of India's current health expenditure in 2022-23, and households still paid 43.4% of total health spending out of pocket; price ceilings and cheap generics are how the state tries to cut the medicine bill. (researched)
• Public administration, defence and security: Healthcare services buys from Public administration, defence and security; public administration, defence and security buys from Healthcare services; healthcare services depends on public administration, defence and security; public administration, defence and security depends on healthcare services.
• Construction and infrastructure: Healthcare services buys from Construction and infrastructure; healthcare services depends on construction and infrastructure.
• Data centres and cloud: Healthcare services buys from Data centres and cloud; healthcare services depends on data centres and cloud.
• Education and research: Healthcare services buys from Education and research; healthcare services depends on education and research.
• Finance: banking, insurance, markets: Healthcare services buys from Finance: banking, insurance, markets; healthcare services depends on finance: banking, insurance, markets.
• Food and beverage processing: Healthcare services buys from Food and beverage processing; healthcare services depends on food and beverage processing.
• Household and personal care: Healthcare services buys from Household and personal care; healthcare services depends on household and personal care.
• Paper and packaging: Healthcare services buys from Paper and packaging; healthcare services depends on paper and packaging.
• Real estate: Healthcare services buys from Real estate; healthcare services depends on real estate.
• Semiconductors: Healthcare services buys from Semiconductors; healthcare services depends on semiconductors.
• Software and IT services: Healthcare services buys from Software and IT services; healthcare services depends on software and IT services.
• Textiles and leather: Healthcare services buys from Textiles and leather; healthcare services depends on textiles and leather.
• Transport and logistics: Healthcare services buys from Transport and logistics; healthcare services depends on transport and logistics.
• Waste and recycling: Healthcare services buys from Waste and recycling; healthcare services depends on waste and recycling.
• Water and sanitation: Healthcare services buys from Water and sanitation; healthcare services depends on water and sanitation.
• Wholesale and retail trade: Healthcare services buys from Wholesale and retail trade; healthcare services depends on wholesale and retail trade.
• Boilers, furnaces and stoves: Healthcare services depends on boilers, furnaces and stoves.
• CNG, LPG and biogas distribution: Healthcare services depends on CNG, LPG and biogas distribution.
• Cement: Healthcare services depends on cement.
• Chlorine: Healthcare services depends on chlorine.
• Combustion road vehicles: Healthcare services depends on combustion road vehicles.
• Copper: Healthcare services depends on copper.
• Cotton: Healthcare services depends on cotton.
• Data centres: Healthcare services depends on data centres.
• Distribution grids, mini-grids and interconnectors: Healthcare services depends on distribution grids, mini-grids and interconnectors.
• Energy in buildings: Healthcare services depends on energy in buildings.
• Heat pumps, air conditioning and refrigeration: Healthcare services depends on heat pumps, air conditioning and refrigeration.
• Helium: Healthcare services depends on helium.
• Hydrogen peroxide: Healthcare services depends on hydrogen peroxide.
• Industrial enzymes: Healthcare services depends on industrial enzymes.
• Internal combustion engines and gensets: Healthcare services depends on internal combustion engines and gensets.
• Isopropanol: Healthcare services depends on isopropanol.
• Latent heat and cold storage: Healthcare services depends on latent heat and cold storage.
• Milk & dairy: Healthcare services depends on milk & dairy.
• Niobium: Healthcare services depends on niobium.
• Nitrogen gas: Healthcare services depends on nitrogen gas.
• Oxygen: Healthcare services depends on oxygen.
• PVC: Healthcare services depends on PVC.
• Paints and coatings: Healthcare services depends on paints and coatings.
• Pharmaceutical excipients: Healthcare services depends on pharmaceutical excipients.
• Polycarbonate: Healthcare services depends on polycarbonate.
• Polypropylene: Healthcare services depends on polypropylene.
• Rare earths: Healthcare services depends on rare earths.
• Reagents and high-purity lab chemicals: Healthcare services depends on reagents and high-purity lab chemicals.
• Rice: Healthcare services depends on rice.
• Small-molecule APIs: Healthcare services depends on small-molecule APIs.
• Steel: Healthcare services depends on steel.
• Surfactants: Healthcare services depends on surfactants.
• Waste-to-energy: Healthcare services depends on waste-to-energy.
• Water: Healthcare services depends on water.
• Wheat: Healthcare services depends on wheat.