Carbon dioxide: Trading
Long contracts and a secret UK rescue price
What this tab covers How it is bought and sold: buyers and sellers, price benchmarks and who publishes them, exchanges, contract types, traders, how Indian buyers price it, recent price points, and good sources to follow.Who buys, and where
- Bottlers, breweries, meat and poultry processors
- Water utilities and greenhouses
- Oil producers for EOR (US)
Who sells, and from where
- Industrial gas companies that own CO2 recovery plants at ammonia and ethanol sites
- Ammonia producers selling raw CO2 to gas companies
- Pipeline operators from natural CO2 domes (US)
Price benchmarks
| Benchmark | Publisher | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| No public spot benchmark; ChemAnalyst and IMARC publish indicative CO2 price trends | ChemAnalyst, IMARC | monthly, indicative |
Exchanges
| Venue | Contract | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| EU ETS (ICE Endex) | EU Allowances, 1,000 t CO2 | prices emissions, not the gas; sets the value of avoided CO2 in Europe |
Contract types
- Multi-year supply contracts with bottlers
- Raw CO2 offtake from ammonia plants to gas companies
- EOR supply contracts linked to oil price (US)
Traders and distributors
- None of note; gas companies own the chain
How Indian buyers price it
- Supplier contract prices; urea plants use CO2 captively
Recent price points
| Date | Price | Basis | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 2021 | not disclosed | UK CO2 users' price deal with CF Industries | The Chemical Engineer (12 Oct 2021) |
Good sources to follow
gasworldfreemium newsletter · industrial gases trade publishermerchant CO2 supply, shortages and plants
The Chemical Engineerfree newsletter · IChemEprocess industry news including CO2 supply
IEA CCUS reportsfree research site · International Energy Agencycarbon capture, use and storage data