Furfural and furanics (FDCA): Regulation

Toxic, flammable and a suspected carcinogen

What this tab covers How it is regulated and what could disrupt supply: hazard classification, rules in the EU, US and India, anti-dumping duties and other trade measures, and supply-risk notes.

Hazards

Classification	UN number	Key risks
Acute toxicity (oral, inhalation) category 3; carcinogenicity category 2; flammable liquid category 3	UN1199	Toxic by inhalation and ingestion; suspected carcinogen; flammable.

Main rules

Where	Rule	Effect
EU	REACH registration; CLP harmonised classification	Handling controls and exposure limits.
US	OSHA exposure limit; TSCA	Workplace controls.
EU	EFSA food contact assessment of PEF (indicative)	Needed before PEF can be used in bottles.

India

Rule	Effect
MSIHC Rules 1989 (hazardous chemical storage, indicative)	Safety rules for storage and handling
No anti-dumping duty on furfural found in sources reached

Trade measures

None found in sources reached

Supply risk

China supplies most furfural; Chinese environmental closures have caused shortages (indicative). FDCA supply rests on one plant.